Dataset Information

Single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibody response in health care workers recovering from asymptomatic or mild natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titres in previously infected or uninfected health care workers who received one or two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

NtAbs were titrated as dose-inhibiting 50% virus replication (ID₅₀) by live virus microneutralization. We evaluated 41 health care workers recovering from mild or asymptomatic infection at first vaccination dose (T1_inf) and 21 days later (T2_inf). Sixteen uninfected health care workers were evaluated 20 days after first dose (T2_uninf) and 20 days after second vaccine dose (T3_uninf).

Results

At T2_inf, but not at T1_inf, there was a significant correlation between days from diagnosis (median 313, interquartile range 285-322) and NtAb levels (P = 0.011). NtAb titres increased at T2_inf with respect to T1_inf (1544 (732-2232) vs 26 (10-88), P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in NtAb titres at T3_uninf compared with T2_uninf (183 (111-301) vs 5 (5-15), P < 0001). However, NtAb levels at T2_inf were significantly higher than those at T2_uninf and T3_uninf (P < 0.0001 for both analyses).

Conclusions

A single vaccination in people with mild or asymptomatic previous infection further boosts SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity to levels higher than those obtained by complete two-vaccination in uninfected subjects.

SUBMITTER: Vicenti I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8132552 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibody response in health care workers recovering from asymptomatic or mild natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Vicenti Ilaria I Gatti Francesca F Scaggiante Renzo R Boccuto Adele A Zago Daniela D Basso Monica M Dragoni Filippo F Zazzi Maurizio M Parisi Saverio Giuseppe SG

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 20210519

<h4>Objectives</h4>To measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titres in previously infected or uninfected health care workers who received one or two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.<h4>Methods</h4>NtAbs were titrated as dose-inhibiting 50% virus replication (ID<sub>50</sub>) by live virus microneutralization. We evaluated 41 health care workers recovering from mild or asymptomatic infection at first vaccination dose (T1_inf) and 21 days later (T2_inf). Sixteen uninfected health ...[more]

PMID: 34022329

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Project description:Background & aimsImmune responses of solid organ transplant recipients to 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are impaired. The immunogenicity and safety of a third dose among liver transplant (LT) recipients are unknown. This work aimed to evaluate the immune response of LT recipients to a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.MethodsConsecutive LT recipients (n = 61) in follow-up at Sheba Medical Center were included. Receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, neutralizing antibody (NA) titers, and T-cell levels before and 21-28 days after a third vaccine dose were determined. Adverse effects after the third dose were monitored.ResultsThe median age of LT recipients was 65 years and 57.4% were male. The humoral immune response rate improved significantly, with 56% of patients showing a response before the third vaccine dose compared to 98% after the third dose. The cellular response in 12 evaluated patients improved significantly (p = 0.008). The geometric mean of anti-RBD IgG levels, NA levels, and T-cell count also increased significantly after the third dose. NA titers after the third dose negatively correlated with age (p = 0.03), mycophenolate mofetil treatment (p = 0.005), and combined immunosuppression as opposed to calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy (p = 0.001). After the third dose, adverse effects were reported by 37% of recipients and were mostly mild (local pain and fatigue).ConclusionAfter a third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the immune response improved significantly among LT recipients, without serious adverse effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate immune response durability and to determine the optimal number and schedule of booster vaccine doses.Lay summaryThe Pfizer-Biotech BNT162b2SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced significant immunity among liver transplant recipients after a third dose. The majority of the patients developed sufficient levels of both humoral and cellular immune responses. Factors that predict non-response were older age and immunosuppressive medications.

Project description:Background While evaluating COVID-19 vaccine responses using a rapid neutralizing antibody (NAb) test, we observed that 25% of mRNA vaccine recipients did not neutralize >50%. We termed this group “vaccine poor responders” (VPRs). The objective of this study was to determine if individuals who neutralized <50% would remain VPRs, or if a third dose would elicit high levels of NAbs. Methods 269 healthy individuals ranging in age from 19 to 80 (Average age = 51; 165 females and 104 males) who received either BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines were evaluated. NAb levels were measured: (i) 2–4 weeks after a second vaccine dose, (ii) 2–4 months after the second dose, (iii) within 1–2 weeks prior to a third dose and (iv) 2–4 weeks after a third mRNA vaccine dose. Results Analysis of vaccine recipients reveals that 25% did not neutralize above 50% (Median neutralization = 21%, titers <1:80) within a month after their second dose. Twenty-three of these VPRs obtained a third dose of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine 1–8 months (average = 5 months) after their second dose. Within a month after their third dose, VPRs show an average 5.4-fold increase in NAb levels (range: 46–99%). Conclusions The results suggest that VPRs are not permanently poor responders; they can generate high NAb levels with an additional vaccine dose. Although it is not known what levels of NAbs protect from infection or disease, those in high-risk professions may wish to keep peripheral NAb levels high, limiting infection, and potential transmission. Plain language summary Neutralizing antibodies are proteins used by the immune system to respond to viruses and other infectious agents. Vaccination against COVID-19 induces production of neutralizing antibodies that stop virus from infecting cells. We measured levels of neutralizing antibodies in a drop of blood after 2 doses of vaccines distributed by Pfizer and BioNTech or Moderna (COMIRNATY and Spikevax). Twenty-five percent of vaccine recipients did not make high levels of neutralizing antibodies. After receiving a third dose of vaccine, most of these vaccine recipients made high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Our data suggest a third dose is important for vaccine recipients that did not generate high neutralizing antibody levels after 2 doses of vaccine and thus might be an important component of a successful vaccination strategy. Lake, Roeder et al. measured neutralizing antibody responses after 2 and 3 doses of mRNA COVID vaccination. Recipients who did not generate strong neutralizing antibody responses after 2 vaccine doses were found to have high levels of neutralizing antibodies after a third vaccine dose.

Dataset Information

Single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibody response in health care workers recovering from asymptomatic or mild natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibody response in health care workers recovering from asymptomatic or mild natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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