Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
COVID-19 has put extraordinary stress on healthcare workers. Few studies have evaluated stress by worker role, or focused on experiences of women and people of color.Methods
The "Coping with COVID" survey assessed US healthcare worker stress. A stress summary score (SSS) incorporated stress, fear of exposure, anxiety/depression and workload (Omega 0.78). Differences from mean were expressed as Cohen's d Effect Sizes (ESs). Regression analyses tested associations with stress and burnout.Findings
Between May 28 and October 1, 2020, 20,947 healthcare workers responded from 42 organizations (median response rate 20%, Interquartile range 7% to 35%). Sixty one percent reported fear of exposure or transmission, 38% reported anxiety/depression, 43% suffered work overload, and 49% had burnout. Stress scores were highest among nursing assistants, medical assistants, and social workers (small to moderate ESs, p < 0.001), inpatient vs outpatient workers (small ES, p < 0.001), women vs men (small ES, p < 0.001), and in Black and Latinx workers vs Whites (small ESs, p < 0.001). Fear of exposure was prevalent among nursing assistants and Black and Latinx workers, while housekeepers and Black and Latinx workers most often experienced enhanced meaning and purpose. In multilevel models, odds of burnout were 40% lower in those feeling valued by their organizations (odds ratio 0.60, 95% CIs [0.58, 0.63], p< 0.001).Interpretation
Stress is higher among nursing assistants, medical assistants, social workers, inpatient workers, women and persons of color, is related to workload and mental health, and is lower when feeling valued.
SUBMITTER: Prasad K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8141518 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundBurnout is associated with an increased risk for severe COVID-19. Few studies have examined burnout prevalence related to healthcare workers during the pandemic. This study investigated the burnout prevalence and contributing factors among HCWs, including medical staff and support staff, during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Thailand.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was distributed among HCWs in Bangkok, Thailand, from July-August 2021. The independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the contributing factors and burnout items. Variable factors associated with burnout among HCWs were used in multiple linear regression models.ResultsA total of 517 HCWs' survey responses were received. Most participants were medical staff (55.3%), female (83.4%), and over the age of 35 (59.4%); most participants (65.6%) did not have any diseases but had family members that did (63.6%). The prevalence of overall burnout presented among medical staff (25.9%). The results of the multiple linear regression models found that female (vs. male, β 0.088; 95% CI 0.033, 6.614) was higher associated with overall burnout score. In addition, hours of sleep as > 6 hr./day (vs. ≤ 6 hr./day, β -0.120; 95% CI -6.012, -0.969) was lower associated with overall burnout score.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of addressing burnout among HCWs, in which female medical staff who slept less than six hours per day were associated with burnout. Our study further suggested that both intervention and identification are needed of frontline HCWs to prevent and reduce the risk of burnout, as the proportion of females compared to males is high. Thus, the government should provide support in these areas to prevent a humanitarian crisis.
| S-EPMC9352097 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Burnout is a form of negative emotional and physical response to job stress. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Korea and to explore correlates of burnout among healthcare workers. A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was conducted from December 1, 2020, to January 29, 2021 on 1425 healthcare workers who worked in one of the 16 healthcare facilities designated for COVID-19 care, in public health centers, or as paramedics in Korea. Burnout was assessed using 16 Korean-adapted items based on the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the R version 4.1.1 software program. OLBI results indicate clinically exhaustion in 84.5% (1204/1425) and clinically disengagement in 91.1% (1298/1425), and 77.3% (1102/1425) met the score criteria for both the exhaustion and disengagement subscales for burnout. Burnout rate was significantly increased in the group with chronic fatigue symptoms (Fatigue Severity Scale ≥ 3.22) after the outbreak of COVID-19 (OR, 3.94; 95% CI 2.80-5.56), in the female group (OR, 2.05; 95% CI 1.46-2.86), in the group with physical symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15 ≥ 10) after the outbreak of COVID-19 (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.14-3.60), in the group with a higher Global Assessment of Recent Stress scale (OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.46-2.01), in the group with post-traumatic stress symptoms (Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-5 ≥ 2) (OR, 1.47; 95% CI 1.08-2.01), and in the younger age group(OR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.22-1.72). The chronic fatigue symptoms were correlated with cumulative days of care (OR, 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37). The physical symptoms were correlated with average contact hours with COVID-19 patients per day (OR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.17-1.54), and cumulative days of care (OR, 1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.38). Most Korean healthcare workers suffered from burnout related to excessive workload during the COVID-19 pandemic. During a widespread health crisis like COVID-19, it is necessary to regularly check the burnout status in healthcare workers and reduce their excessive workload by supplementing the workforce and providing appropriate working hours sufficient rest hours.
| S-EPMC9969371 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to adversely affect the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). The public healthcare system in Greece was already facing serious challenges at the outset of the outbreak following years of austerity and an escalating refugee crisis. This multi-center, cross-sectional study aims to assess the levels and associated risk factors of anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and burnout of frontline staff in Greece. A total of 464 self-selected HCWs in six reference hospitals completed a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic and work-related information and validated psychometric scales. The proportion of HCWs with symptoms of moderate/severe depression, anxiety and traumatic stress were 30%, 25% and 33%, respectively. Burnout levels were particularly high with 65% of respondents scoring moderate/severe in emotional exhaustion, 92% severe in depersonalization and 51% low/moderate in personal accomplishment. Predictive factors of adverse psychological outcomes included fear, perceived stress, risk of infection, lack of protective equipment and low social support. The psychological burden associated with COVID-19 in healthcare professionals in Greece is considerable, with more than half experiencing at least mild mental health difficulties. Findings signal the need for immediate organizational and individually tailored interventions to enhance resilience and support wellbeing under pandemic conditions.
| S-EPMC7967750 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDuring COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have had high workload and have been exposed to multiple psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCWs in terms of the relative contributions of socio-demographic and mental health variables on three burnout dimensions: personal, work-related, and client-related burnout.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire spread via social networks. A snowball technique supported by health care institutions and professional organizations was applied.ResultsA total of 2008 subjects completed the survey. Gender, parental status, marriage status, and salary reduction were found to be significant factors for personal burnout. Health problems and direct contact with infected people were significantly associated with more susceptibility to high personal and work-related burnout. Frontline working positions were associated with all three dimensions. Higher levels of stress and depression in HCWs were significantly associated with increased levels of all burnout dimensions. Higher levels of satisfaction with life and resilience were significantly associated with lower levels of all burnout dimensions.ConclusionsAll three burnout dimensions were associated with a specific set of covariates. Consideration of these three dimensions is important when designing future burnout prevention programs for HCWs.
| S-EPMC7720923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBurnout resulting from long-term and unmanaged workplace stress is high among healthcare professionals, especially surgeons, and affects both individuals and the quality of patient care. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for burnout among attending general surgeons and to identify possible preventive strategies.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey using a 35-item questionnaire was conducted among members of the Turkish Surgical Society. The survey evaluated demographics, professional and practice characteristics, social participation, and burnout as well as interventions to deal with burnout. Burnout was defined as a high score on the emotional exhaustion (EE) and/or depersonalization (DP) subscales. Surgeons with high scores on both the EE and DP and a low score on personal accomplishment (PA) were considered to have severe burnout.ResultsSix hundred fifteen general surgeons completed the survey. The median EE, DP, and PA scores were 34 (IQR, 20-43), 9 (IQR, 4-16), and 36 (IQR, 30-42), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of burnout and severe burnout were 69.1 and 22.0%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with burnout were working in a training and research hospital (OR = 3.34; P < 0.001) or state hospital (OR = 2.77; P = 0.001), working ≥ 60 h per week (OR = 1.57; P = 0.046), and less frequent participation in social activities (OR = 3.65; P < 0.001).ConclusionsBurnout is an important problem among general surgeons with impacts and consequences for professionals, patients, and society. Considering that burnout is a preventable condition, systematic efforts to identify at-risk populations and to develop strategies to address burnout in surgeons are needed.
| S-EPMC7792210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among physicians of all specialties, including residents and non-specialists, on a national level in Croatia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2017, used anonymous online survey based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey. The Croatian version of the inventory was assessed for acceptability, factorial validity, and reliability. Key dimensions of burnout - emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment were assessed. Respondents scoring high for emotional exhaustion or depersonalization were defined as burned-out.ResultsThe response rate was 18% (2557/14 427). Respondents' median age was 41 years (range 25-80), and 68% (1737/2557) were women. Good sampling adequacy and scale reliability were confirmed. Factorial validity suggested the presence of three overall factors, and no items were eliminated. Sixty-three percent of physicians were burned-out. High score on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment were found in 58%, 29%, and 52% of respondents, respectively. As many as 16% of the respondents simultaneously experienced high levels of all three burnout dimensions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residents and physicians in tertiary or primary care were at an increased risk of burnout, while physicians working in institutes were at a decreased risk.ConclusionActive national measures are needed to reduce the high prevalence of burnout among Croatian physicians.
| S-EPMC6563170 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among hospital healthcare workers in Libya during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and civil war. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 18 to May 2, 2020 among Libyan healthcare workers. Data on participant characteristics were collected with a specifically designed questionnaire. Burnout was assessed with the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) comprising three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), with each sub-scale score range from 0 to 18. For EE and DP, scores of 10 to 18 were regarded as "moderate to severe burnout." PA was scored inversely, where a score ≤ 10 indicated severe burnout. Results: The study yielded a sample size of 532 participants. Of these, 357 (67.1%) reported emotional exhaustion (EE Score ≥ 10), 252 (47.4%) reported depersonalization (DP score ≥ 10), and 121 (22.7%) reported a lower sense of personal accomplishment (PA score ≤ 10). Verbal abuse was experienced by 304 participants (57.1%) and physical abuse in 93 (17.5). Gender was associated with high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization. Being 35 years or older was associated with high depersonalization. Professional specialty was significantly associated with high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Fear of COVID-19 infection was associated with high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization. Conclusion: The rising prevalence of mental disorders and inadequate availability of health services facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and civil war demonstrated the need for healthcare policies to address the well-being of healthcare workers to decrease the risk of loss, suicide, and medical negligence.
| S-EPMC7759513 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in healthcare and severe social restrictions. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the front line against the virus and have been highly exposed to pandemic-related stressors, but there are limited data on their psychological involvement for a large sample in Italy.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of anxiety, distress and burnout in HCWs of North-West Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to detect potential psychosocial factors associated with their emotional response.MethodThis cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 797 HCWs. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Form Y and the Maslach Burnout Inventory; demographic, family and work characteristics were also collected. Global psychological outcome, differences among professions and independent factors associated with worst psychological outcome were assessed.ResultsAlmost a third of the sample had severe state anxiety and distress, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. Distress was higher in women and nurses, whereas depersonalisation was higher in men. Family division, increased workload, job changes and frequent contact with COVID-19 were associated with worst psychological outcome. Trait anxiety was associated with significantly higher risk for developing state anxiety, distress and burnout.ConclusionsAn elevated psychological burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in HCWs of North-West Italy. The identification of family and work characteristics and a psychological pre-existing condition as factors associated with worst psychological outcome may help provide a tailored, preventive, organisational and psychological approach in counteracting the psychological effects of future pandemics.
| S-EPMC7844147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The emergence of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the workload of health workers particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa predisposing them to extra job-related stress and its associated job-related burnout. Burnout reduces the number, distribution and productivity of health workers. This study sought to determine personal and job-related characteristics of health workers in Accra, Ghana that influenced their experience of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,264 health workers recruited from three public hospitals in Accra, Ghana between March to November, 2020. The participants were recruited using a proportionate stratified sampling technique and completed a pre-tested questionnaire that collected information on socio-demographic and job-related factors. Also, the questionnaire assessed participants’ level of resilience and job-related burnout. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the association between burnout and the socio-demographic as well as job-related factors. However, for variables with observations less than six, a Fisher’s exact test, was used to determine the associations. After the binary analysis, multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the strength of association between the socio-demographic as well as job-related factors and burnout. Data analyses were conducted at a significant level (alpha 0.05) and power of 95% confidence with the aid of Stata 15.0. Results The prevalence of burnout among the participants was 20.57% with non-clinicians displaying higher burnout compared to clinicians (26.74&% v 15.64%, p< 0.001). Health workers with 1–5 years working experience were 26.81 more likely to experience burnout (AOR = 26.81, CI = 6.37–112.9). Night shifts defined as shifts between 8:00pm to 8:00am was associated with the 1.86 odds of experiencing burnout (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.33–2.61; p<0.001). Also, participants of the primary level facility were 3.91 times more likely (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 2.39–6.41) to experience burnout on the job. Similarly, participants with additional jobs were 1.14 times more likely (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.75–1.74) to experience burnout. In addition, participants harboring intentions of leaving their current jobs were 4.61 times more likely (AOR = 4.61, 95% CI = 2.73–7.78) to experience burnout. Furthermore, participants with perceived high workload were 2.38 times more likely (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.40–4.05) to experience burnt-out on the job. Conclusion There is high prevalence of burnout among health workers in Accra particularly during the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic. Working on night shifts and at the primary level of healthcare is significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing burnout.We recommend shift rotation for staff and adequate resource provision for primary level hospitals. The high burnout in this study could be influenced by other factors such as the grief caused by multiple losses and also the limited supportive resources for health workers.
| S-EPMC9202923 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout symptoms have been prevalent among healthcare workers. Living with spouses can be complex and was associated with an increased burnout risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between living with spouses and burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We distributed questionnaires to participants working in a hospital affiliated with a medical university in Taiwan. The questionnaires were the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which comprises personal burnout (PB), work-related burnout (WB), and client burnout subscales; the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; and information on basic demographic variables, family factors, living habits, work-related factors, and physical health factors. Multiple linear regression and mediation analysis were used. We obtained 1615 (63.81%) valid questionnaires. After analysis revealed that marriage was an independent risk factor for PB; however, the effect of marriage on WB was nonsignificant after controlling for risk factors. Parenthood, less alcohol use, reported sleep duration less than six hours, less overtime, less shift work, and participation in leisure activities with family and friends were found to be mediators between marriage and a lower WB level. In addition, chronic diseases, frequent neck pain, and shoulder pain were suppression factors. In summary, marriage was associated with an increased risk of PB. Married individuals sustain a high WB level because of changes in family roles, living conditions, and work conditions. Overall, helping healthcare workers to maintain well-being in marriage or family living may be effective in decreasing burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| S-EPMC9737389 | biostudies-literature