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Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Enrichment in a Mutant of the Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda.

ABSTRACT: A mutant of the ridgetail white prawn, which exhibited rare orange-red body color with a higher level of free astaxanthin (ASTX) concentration than that in the wild-type prawn, was obtained in our lab. In order to understand the underlying mechanism for the existence of a high level of free astaxanthin, transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type prawns. A total of 78,224 unigenes were obtained, and 1863 were identified as DEGs, in which 902 unigenes showed higher expression levels, while 961 unigenes presented lower expression levels in the mutant in comparison with the wild-type prawns. Based on Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, as well as further investigation of annotated DEGs, we found that the biological processes related to astaxanthin binding, transport, and metabolism presented significant differences between the mutant and the wild-type prawns. Some genes related to these processes, including crustacyanin, apolipoprotein D (ApoD), cathepsin, and cuticle proteins, were identified as DEGs between the two types of prawns. These data may provide important information for us to understand the molecular mechanism of the existence of a high level of free astaxanthin in the prawn.

SUBMITTER: Jin Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8143343 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:As an important pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), C-type lectins (CTLs) play significant roles in recognizing microbes and battle against pathogenic microorganism in innate immunity. In this study, two tandem threonine containing CTLs (designated as EcThr-LecA and EcThr-LecB) were identified from Exopalaemon carinicauda. The full-length cDNA of EcThr-LecA and EcThr-LecB consisted of 1521 and 1518 bp with 1251 and 1242 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 412 and 413 amino acids, respectively. The genome structure of EcThr-LecA included 10 exons and 9 introns, and the sequences of intron6 and intron7 were variable. The nucleotide sequence of intron2 in EcThr-LecB was specific and different with that of EcThr-LecA. EcThr-LecA and EcThr-LecB proteins were predicted to have a signal peptide, two conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and tandem threonine region. The expression levels of EcThr-LecA and EcThr-LecB in the intestine were significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to explore the effects of EcThr-LecB silencing on the mRNA expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin (CRU), and lysozyme (LYSO). Knock down of EcThr-LecB could evidently down-regulate the expression of eight different antibacterial peptides (AMPs), including EcALF2, EcCRU1, EcCRU3, EcCRU4, EcLYSO1, EcLYSO2, EcLYSO3, and EcLYSO4, whereas make no effect on the transcription of EcALF1, EcALF3, EcCRU2, and EcLYSO5. The recombinant two CRD domains and tandem threonine region (RLecB) of EcThr-LecB could bind diverse bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, and peptidoglycans in vitro. In addition, RLecB could accelerate the clearance of V. parahaemolyticus in vivo. The present data indicated that new-found tandem threonine containing CTLs in E. carinicauda may act as PRR to participate in the innate immune defense against pathogens by the recognition of non-self, regulation of AMPs, and clearance of invaders.

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Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Enrichment in a Mutant of the Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda.

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