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Metabolic plasticity enables lifestyle transitions of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

ABSTRACT: Our understanding of how the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis can persist below the gum line, induce ecological changes, and promote polymicrobial infections remains limited. P. gingivalis has long been described as a highly proteolytic and asaccharolytic pathogen that utilizes protein substrates as the main source for energy production and proliferation. Here, we report that P. gingivalis displays a metabolic plasticity that enables the exploitation of non-proteinaceous substrates, specifically the monocarboxylates pyruvate and lactate, as well as human serum components, for colonization and biofilm formation. We show that anabolism of carbohydrates from pyruvate is powered by catabolism of amino acids. Concomitantly, the expression of fimbrial adhesion is upregulated, leading to the enhancement of biofilm formation, stimulation of multispecies biofilm development, and increase of colonization and invasion of the primary gingival epithelial cells by P. gingivalis. These studies provide the first glimpse into the metabolic plasticity of P. gingivalis and its adaptation to the nutritional condition of the host niche. Our findings support the model that in response to specific nutritional parameters, P. gingivalis has the potential to promote host colonization and development of a pathogenic community.

SUBMITTER: Moradali MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8144566 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola exhibit metabolic symbioses.

Project description:Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola are strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. These bacteria have been co-localized in subgingival plaque and demonstrated to exhibit symbiosis in growth in vitro and synergistic virulence upon co-infection in animal models of disease. Here we show that during continuous co-culture a P. gingivalis:T. denticola cell ratio of 6∶1 was maintained with a respective increase of 54% and 30% in cell numbers when compared with mono-culture. Co-culture caused significant changes in global gene expression in both species with altered expression of 184 T. denticola and 134 P. gingivalis genes. P. gingivalis genes encoding a predicted thiamine biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated whilst genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. T. denticola genes encoding virulence factors including dentilisin and glycine catabolic pathways were significantly up-regulated during co-culture. Metabolic labeling using 13C-glycine showed that T. denticola rapidly metabolized this amino acid resulting in the production of acetate and lactate. P. gingivalis may be an important source of free glycine for T. denticola as mono-cultures of P. gingivalis and T. denticola were found to produce and consume free glycine, respectively; free glycine production by P. gingivalis was stimulated by T. denticola conditioned medium and glycine supplementation of T. denticola medium increased final cell density 1.7-fold. Collectively these data show P. gingivalis and T. denticola respond metabolically to the presence of each other with T. denticola displaying responses that help explain enhanced virulence of co-infections.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates ulcerative colitis via Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase.

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