Dataset Information

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevalence of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and untyped Salmonella spp., were found to be 3.67%, 0.57%, and 1.95% respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. S. Enteritidis isolates carried all virulence genes whilst S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes except sefA and spvC. A diverse phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern was found. Harmonic descending trends of resistance patterns were observed among the broiler, sonali, and native chickens. Interestingly, virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica serovars were found in native chicken, although antimicrobials were not used in their production cycle. The research findings anticipate that virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica are roaming in the wet markets which can easily anchor to the vendor, consumers, and in the food chain.

SUBMITTER: Siddiky NA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8145576 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Siddiky Nure Alam NA Sarker Md Samun MS Khan Md Shahidur Rahman MSR Begum Ruhena R Kabir Md Ehsanul ME Karim Md Rezaul MR Rahman Md Tanvir MT Mahmud Asheak A Samad Mohammed A MA

Microorganisms 20210428 5

Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevale ...[more]

PMID: 33924919

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Project description:Wet markets in low-and middle-income countries are often reported to have inadequate sanitation resulting in fecal contamination of sold produce. Consumption of contaminated wet market-sourced foods has been linked to individual illness and disease outbreaks. This pilot study, conducted in two major wet markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during a 4-month period in 2021 aimed to assess the occurrence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Fifty-four individuals of each species were collected. The identity of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by PCR and their susceptibility toward 15 antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion. The whole genome of 15 E. coli and nine Salmonella spp. were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. E. coli was present in 60-74% of tilapia muscle tissue and 41-44% of shrimp muscle tissue. Salmonella spp. was found in skin (29%) and gills (26%) of tilapia, and occasionally in muscle and intestinal samples of shrimp. The E. coli had several Multilocus sequence typing and serotypes and limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, such as point mutations on glpT and pmrB. One E. coli (BD17) from tilapia carried resistance genes for beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracycline. All the E. coli belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 and A and showed no Shiga-toxin and other virulence genes, confirming their commensal non-pathogenic status. Among the Salmonella isolates, five belonged to Kentucky serovar and had similar AMR genes and phenotypic resistance patterns. Three strains of this serovar were ST198, often associated with human disease, carried the same resistance genes, and were genetically related to strains from the region. The two undetermined sequence types of S. Kentucky were distantly related and positioned in a separate phylogenetic clade. Two Brunei serovar isolates, one Augustenborg isolate, and one Hartford isolate showed different resistance profiles. This study revealed high fecal contamination levels in tilapia and shrimp sold at two main wet markets in Dhaka. Together with the occurrence of Salmonella spp., including S. Kentucky ST198, a well-known human pathogen, these results stress the need to improve hygienic practices and sanitation standards at markets to improve food safety and protect consumer health.

Project description:IntroductionWhole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used for characterizing foodborne pathogens and it has become a standard typing technique for surveillance and research purposes. WGS data can help assessing microbial risks and defining risk mitigating strategies for foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella enterica.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that (combinations of) different genes can predict the probability of infection [P(inf)] given exposure to a certain pathogen strain, we determined P(inf) based on invasion potential of 87 S. enterica strains belonging to 15 serovars isolated from animals, foodstuffs and human patients, in an in vitro gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model system. These genomes were sequenced with WGS and screened for genes potentially involved in virulence. A random forest (RF) model was applied to assess whether P(inf) of a strain could be predicted based on the presence/absence of those genes. Moreover, the association between P(inf) and biofilm formation in different experimental conditions was assessed.Results and discussionP(inf) values ranged from 6.7E-05 to 5.2E-01, showing variability both among and within serovars. P(inf) values also varied between isolation sources, but no unambiguous pattern was observed in the tested serovars. Interestingly, serovars causing the highest number of human infections did not show better ability to invade cells in the GIT model system, with strains belonging to other serovars displaying even higher infectivity. The RF model did not identify any virulence factor as significant P(inf) predictors. Significant associations of P(inf) with biofilm formation were found in all the different conditions for a limited number of serovars, indicating that the two phenotypes are governed by different mechanisms and that the ability to form biofilm does not correlate with the ability to invade epithelial cells. Other omics techniques therefore seem more promising as alternatives to identify genes associated with P(inf), and different hypotheses, such as gene expression rather than presence/absence, could be tested to explain phenotypic virulence [P(inf)].

Project description:Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica poses a significant public health concern worldwide. However, the dissemination of Salmonella enterica among food animals in eastern China has not been fully addressed. Here, we demonstrated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and the whole-genome characterization of 105 S. enterica isolates from 1,480 fecal samples and anal swabs collected from 22 different farms (chickens, ducks, and pigs) and two live animal markets located in Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces in eastern China in 2019. The prevalence of isolates in duck farms (19.17%, 23/120) was statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in chicken farms (6.61%, 37/523) and pig farms (3.50%, 7/200). Among these isolates, 75.26% (79/105) were multidrug resistant, with the highest rates of resistance to tetracycline (76.20%) and ampicillin (67.62%) and the lowest resistance rate to meropenem (0.00%). The serotypes were consistent with sequence types and were closely related to the sampling animal species and sites. S. enterica serotype Kentucky (20.95%, 22/105) was the most frequent serotype and harbored more AMR patterns and genes than others. Furthermore, IncFII(S) and IncHI2 were the most prevalent replicons. A total of 44 acquired AMR genes were found. Among those genes, aac(6')-Iaa, blaTEM-1B, floR, dfrA14, fosA7, mph(A), qnrS1, sul1, tet(A), and ARR-3 were the dominant AMR genes mediating the AMR toward aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicol, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, macrolide, quinolone, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and rifampin, respectively. The consistency of acquired AMR genes with AMR phenotypes for ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftazidime, meropenem, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline was >90%. Together, our study highlights the application of whole-genome sequencing to assess veterinary public health threats. IMPORTANCE Public health is a significant concern in China, and the foodborne pathogen Salmonella, which is spread via the animal-borne food chain, plays an important role in the overall disease burden in China annually. The development of advanced sequencing technologies has introduced a new way of understanding emerging pathogens. However, the routine surveillance application of this method in China remains in its infancy. Here, we applied a pool of all isolates from the prevalence data in Zhejiang and Fujian for whole-genome sequencing and combined these data with the cutting-edge bioinformatic analysis pipeline for one-step determination of the complete genetic makeup for all 105 genomes. The illustrated method could provide a cost-effective approach, without labor-intensive laboratory characterization, for predicting serotypes, genotypes, plasmid types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes, and thus would provide essential knowledge for emerging pathogens. Our findings and perspectives are essential for delivering updated knowledge on foodborne pathogens in an understudied region in China.

Dataset Information

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Publications

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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