Development of Electrospun Nanofibrous Filters for Controlling Coronavirus Aerosols
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shen H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8147445 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The main aims of the research were to produce efficient nanofibrous filters with long-term antibacterial properties and to confirm the functionality of samples under real filtration conditions. A polyurethane solution was modified by micro- or nanoparticles of copper oxide in order to juxtapose the aggregation tendency of particles depending on their size. Modified solutions were electrospun by the Nanospider technique. The roller spinning electrode with a needle surface and static wire electrode were used for the production of functionalized nanofibers. The antibacterial properties of the modified nanofibrous layers were studied under simulated conditions of water and air filtration. Particular attention was paid to the fixation mechanism of modifiers in the structure of filters. It was determined that the rotating electrode with the needle surface is more efficient for the spinning of composite solutions due to the continuous mixing and the avoidance of particle precipitation at the bottom of the bath with modified polyurethane. Moreover, it was possible to state that microparticles of copper oxide are more appropriate antimicrobial additives due to their weaker aggregation tendency but stronger fixation in the fibrous structure than nanoparticles. From the results, it is possible to conclude that nanofibers with well-studied durable antibacterial properties may be recommended as excellent materials for water and air filtration applications.
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Project description:Our long-term goal is to develop smart biomaterials that can facilitate regeneration of critical-size craniofacial lesions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that biomimetic scaffolds electrospun from chitosan (CTS) will promote tissue repair and regeneration in a critical size calvarial defect. To test this hypothesis, we first compared in vitro ability of electrospun CTS scaffolds crosslinked with genipin (CTS-GP) to those of mineralized CTS-GP scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite (CTS-HA-GP), by assessing proliferation/metabolic activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). The cells' metabolic activity exhibited a biphasic behavior, indicative of initial proliferation followed by subsequent differentiation for all scaffolds. ALP activity of mMSCs, a surrogate measure of osteogenic differentiation, increased over time in culture. After 3 weeks in maintenance medium, ALP activity of mMSCs seeded onto CTS-HA-GP scaffolds was approximately two times higher than that of cells cultured on CTS-GP scaffolds. The mineralized CTS-HA-GP scaffolds were also osseointegrative in vivo, as inferred from the enhanced bone regeneration in a murine model of critical size calvarial defects. Tissue regeneration was evaluated over a 3 month period by microCT and histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's Trichrome). Treatment of the lesions with CTS-HA-GP scaffolds induced a 38% increase in the area of de novo generated mineralized tissue area after 3 months, whereas CTS-GP scaffolds only led to a 10% increase. Preseeding with mMSCs significantly enhanced the regenerative capacity of CTS-GP scaffolds (by ?3-fold), to 35% increase in mineralized tissue area after 3 months. CTS-HA-GP scaffolds preseeded with mMSCs yielded 45% new mineralized tissue formation in the defects. We conclude that the presence of HA in the CTS-GP scaffolds significantly enhances their osseointegrative capacity and that mineralized chitosan-based scaffolds crosslinked with genipin may represent a unique biomaterial with possible clinical relevance for the repair of critical calvarial bone defects.
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Project description:This work has been focused on the one-step fabrication by electrospinning of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibre membranes modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2), where these TiO2 nanoparticles aggregates could induce a photocatalytic activity. The main potential application of these membranes could be the purification of contaminated water. Thus, it is important to analyse the contaminant degradation capability since in these membranes this is based on their photocatalytic activity. In this work, the effect of the photocatalysis has been studied both on the degradation of an organic model contaminant and on the removal of Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria. As a result, it was observed that these membranes present excellent photocatalytic activity when they are irradiated under UV light, allowing a 70% reduction of an organic model pollutant after 240 min. In addition, these membranes successfully removed Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria in artificially inoculated water after 24 h of contact with them. Moreover, the stand-alone structure of the membranes allowed for the reusing of the immobilized catalyst. The experimental evidence indicated that developed nanofibre membranes are a fast and efficient solution for polluted water decontamination based on photocatalysis. Their use could contribute to guarantee a fresh water level and quality, mitigating the water scarcity problem worldwide.
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Project description:Lubrication is the key to efficient function of human tissues and has significant impact on the comfort level. However, the construction of a lubricating nanofibrous membrane has not been reported as yet, especially using a one-step surface modification method. Here, bioinspired by the superlubrication mechanism of articular cartilage, we successfully construct hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers via one-step in situ grafting of a copolymer synthesized by dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) onto electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. The zwitterionic MPC structure provides the nanofiber surface with hydration lubrication behavior. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the lubricating nanofibrous membrane decreases significantly and is approximately 65% less than that of pure PCL nanofibers, which are easily worn out under friction regardless of hydration. The lubricating nanofibers, however, show favorable wear-resistance performance. Besides, they possess a strong antiadhesion ability of fibroblasts compared with pure PCL nanofibers. The cell density decreases approximately 9-fold, and the cell area decreases approximately 12 times on day 7. Furthermore, the in vivo antitendon adhesion data reveals that the lubricating nanofiber group has a significantly lower adhesion score and a better antitissue adhesion. Altogether, our developed hydration-enhanced lubricating nanofibers show promising applications in the biomedical field such as antiadhesive membranes.
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Project description:In this study, silk fibroin was extracted from cocoons of silkworms and fabricated into nonwoven mats by electrospinning method. A new model based on the group method of data handling (GMDH) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for estimation of the average diameter of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers. In this regard, concentration, flow rate, voltage, distance, and speed of collector were used as input parameters and average diameter of the fibers was considered as output parameter. Two models were capable to estimate average diameter of fibers with good accuracy. The average absolute relative deviation for GMDH and ANN models was equal to 3.56 and 2.28 %, respectively. Furthermore, due to importance of oxygen delivery to site of injury to promote wound healing, continuity equation for mass transport was employed for prediction of oxygen profile in the system containing wound dressing and skin. The result showed that our prepared wound dressing is capable to pass the oxygen completely to the skin layer and is not acting as a barrier for oxygen delivery to wound site. Since average nanofibers diameter can influence the mat physical, mechanical and biological properties then this model may serve as a useful guide to obtain tailor made and uniform silk nanofibers at various combinations of process variables.
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Project description:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a fascinating electret material widely used for energy harvesting and sensing, and an enhancement in the performance could be expected by reducing its size into nanoscale because of a higher surface charge density attained. Hence, the present study demonstrates the use of nanofibrous PTFE for high-performance self-powered wearable sensors. The nanofibrous PTFE is fabricated by electrospinning with a suspension of PTFE particles in dilute polyethylene oxide (PEO) aqueous solution, followed by a thermal treatment at 350 °C to remove the PEO component from the electrospun PTFE-PEO nanofibers. The obtained PTFE nanofibrous membrane exhibits good air permeability with pressure drop comparable to face masks, excellent mechanical property with tensile strength of 3.8 MPa, and stable surface potential of - 270 V. By simply sandwiching the PTFE nanofibrous membrane into two pieces of conducting carbon clothes, a breathable, flexible, and high-performance nanogenerator (NG) device with a peak power of 56.25 μW is constructed. Remarkably, this NG device can be directly used as a wearable self-powered sensor for detecting body motion and physiological signals. Small elbow joint bending of 30°, the rhythm of respiration, and typical cardiac cycle are clearly recorded by the output waveform of the NG device. This study demonstrates the use of electrospun PTFE nanofibrous membrane for the construction of high-performance self-powered wearable sensors.
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Project description:UV-initiated crosslinking of electrospun poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO)/chitosan (CS) nanofibers doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) was performed using pentaerythritol triaclyrate (PETA) as the photoinitiator and crosslinker agent. The influence of the addition of PETA to the PEO/CS diameter and crosslinking of nanofibers was evaluated. The effect of irradiation time on the morphology and swelling properties of the crosslinked nanofibers were investigated. For ZnO-NPs, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were found at 1 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations at 2 mg/mL for all the strains tested. The nanofibrous hydrogel antibacterial effect was tested. This material enters the realm of fibrous hydrogels which have potential use in several applications as in the biomedical area.Supplementary materialThe supplementary material for this article can be found at 10.1557/mrc.2020.74.
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