Dataset Information

Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.

ABSTRACT: Background: We examined the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and whether changes in body composition are associated with changes in RMR in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: One hundred forty adolescents (12-18 years, BMI ≥85th percentile) participated in randomized exercise trials (3-6 months) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (18 control, 51 aerobic, 50 resistance, and 21 combined aerobic and resistance exercise). All participants had RMR assessments by indirect calorimetry after a 10-12 hour overnight fast, and body composition by magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: There were no significant changes in RMR (kcal/day) between exercise groups vs. controls (p > 0.05). All exercise groups decreased visceral fat (-0.2 ± 0.02 kg; p < 0.05) compared to control. Increases in fat-free mass (FFM) were only seen in the combined group (2.3 ± 0.4 kg; p < 0.05), whereas increases in skeletal muscle mass were observed in both resistance (1.2 ± 0.2 kg; p < 0.05) and combined (1.5 ± 0.3 kg; p < 0.05) groups vs. control. Change in FFM, but not fat mass (FM), visceral fat, or skeletal muscle mass (p > 0.05), was a significant determinant of changes in RMR, independent of exercise modality (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Although exercise modality was not associated with changes in RMR, change in FFM, but not skeletal muscle or FM, was a significant correlate of changes in RMR in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Clinicaltrials.gov registration numbers: NCT00739180, NCT01323088, NCT01938950.

SUBMITTER: Yu WW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8147485 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.

Yu Winnie W WW Lee SoJung S Arslanian Silva S Tamim Hala H Kuk Jennifer L JL

Childhood obesity (Print) 20210318 4

Background: We examined the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and whether changes in body composition are associated with changes in RMR in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: One hundred forty adolescents (12-18 years, BMI ≥85th percentile) participated in randomized exercise trials (3-6 months) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (18 control, 51 aerobic, 50 resistance, and 21 combined aerobic and resistance exercise). ...[more]

PMID: 33739874

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough various dietary patterns have been indicated to be associated with the resting metabolic rate [RMR], limited data are available in this field. This study was therefore focused on the association between dietary patterns and resting metabolic rate among participants with overweight and obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 304 women with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), aged 18-50. Anthropometric assessments, physical activity and biochemical measurements were assessed. RMR was also measured by means of indirect calorimetry. Dietary intake of participants was evaluated by 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire [FFQ].ResultsThere was a significant association between higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern [HDP] and RMR (P = 0.05), intakes of protein (P = 0.003), minerals (P = 0.001) as well as fat free mass [FFM] (P = 0.002), bone mineral content (P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.001), soft lean mass (P = 0.002) and visceral fat area (P = 0.05). Also, there was a considerable association between higher adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern [UHDP] and fasting blood sugar [FBS] (P = 0.05). Using multinomial logistic regression has been shown that the medium adherence to the HDP was marginally significant with decreased resting metabolic rate [Dec. RMR] group in crude model (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.28-1.05, P = 0.07). After controlling for various confounders such as age, FFM, physical activity, and energy intake, the association between Dec. RMR group and the lowest quartile of the HDP (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14-0.91, P = 0.03) became significant as well as the association between Dec. RMR group and medium adherence to the HDP (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.97, P = 0.04). The medium adherence to the UHDP in crude model was also significant with increased resting metabolic rate [Inc. RMR] group (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.01-6.65, P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur study showed that there are significant associations between dietary patterns and RMR status.

Project description:Background: The current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise is still limited, especially in the pediatric population. We set out to investigate the effect of a 20-week exercise intervention on whole blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: Twenty-four pre-pubertal children (10.21 ± 1.33 years, 46% girls) with overweight/obesity, were randomized to either a 20-week exercise program (intervention group; n=10), or to a non-exercise control group (usual lifestyle, n=14). Whole blood transcriptome profile was analysed using RNA-seq STRT2 technique. Gene expression analysis was carried out with the Limma R/Bioconductor software package, and the gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed for gene network detection. The transcriptome data were in silico validated using PHENOPEDIA and meta-analysis database extrameta.org. Results: 161 genes were differentially expressed between the exercise and the control groups among boys, and 121 genes among girls (p-value < 0.05), while after multiple correction, no significant difference between groups persisted in gene expression profiles (FDR > 0.05). Based on non-corrected analyses, the enriched GO processes and molecular pathways highlighted the effect of exercise on different immune response related pathways in boys (antigen processing and presentation, infections, and T cell receptor complex) and girls (Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway) (FDR < 0.05). In silico data mining and validation analyses (using PHENOPEDIA and meta-analysis database extrameta.org) highlight top genes regulated by exercise such as CD6, HLA-C, TNFRSF1A, MYD88, and NFKBIA genes in boys and RAC1, ANXA6, FYN, INPP5D, PIK3CD and SPARC genes in girls. Conclusion: These results suggest that 20-week exercise program influences different immune processes in children with overweight/obesity. The transcriptome differences between boys and girls could partly be explained, in addition to the gender differences, by the distinct intensity in the exercise intervention as boys had stronger exercise stimulus in training. Our findings should be considered exploratory and preliminary given the relatively small sample size. Larger and more powered randomized controlled trials should confirm or contrast our findings.

Project description:Background and aims: Youth populations with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) exhibit heterogeneity in cardiometabolic health phenotypes (e.g. fasting glucose, serum triglycerides, etc.). The underling mechanisms for those differences are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the whole blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes. Methods: 27 children with OW/OB (10.14 ± 1.3 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. MHO was defined as having none of the following criteria for metabolic syndrome: elevated fasting glucose, high serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, while MUO was defined as presenting one or more of these criteria. Inflammatory markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) were additionally determined. Total-blood RNA was analyzed by 5’-end RNA sequencing. Two different bioinformatics approaches were performed: 1) Differential gene expression analyses using Limma R/Bioconductor software package (analyses adjusted by sex and maturational status) and 2) weighted gene coexpression network analyses (WGCNA). Results: Children with MHO had lower values of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 compared to MUO (p < 0.05). 40 genes were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05) in children with MHO compared to MUO. WGCNA analysis identified 23 gene coexpression modules (i.e. clusters of genes) with low preservation (Zsummary < 2) in children with MHO compared to MUO. Differential and WGCNA gene expression patterns identified 32 genes linked to metabolism, mitochondrial and immune functions. Conclusions: Whole blood transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct pattern of gene expression in children with MHO compared to MUO children. The identified gene expression patterns related to metabolism, mitochondrial and immune functions can promote a better understanding of cardiovascular disease prognosis in individuals with MHO.

Dataset Information

Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.

Publications

Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.

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