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The Diversity and Dynamics of Fungi in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Community.

ABSTRACT: Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a gall wasp that induces insect galls on chestnut trees and results in massive yield losses worldwide. Fungi can cause the necrosis of chestnut trees and the death of gall wasps. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential role of D. kuriphilus in the transmission of fungi. We sequenced the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima, using high-throughput sequencing. We compared the species richness, α-diversity and community structure of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, insect galls and the galled twigs. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus adults shared most fungal species with associated insect galls and the galled twigs, and were dominated by Botryosphaeria sp., Aspergillus sp. and Diaporthe sp. We suggest D. kuriphilus adults may be potential vectors of plant pathogens and may facilitate the transmission of fungi between chestnut trees. Furthermore, the fungi may horizontally transmit among D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs.

SUBMITTER: Yang XH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8151921 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Sophora alopecuroides L. is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of several different disease states including bacillary dysentery and enteritis. But importantly, it also plays a role as an anti-tumor agent. That said, little is known about the role endophytes play regarding the clinically bioactive metabolites in S. alopecuroides. In order to explore the effects of endophytic fungi on the accumulation, quality, and correlation in the content of the medicinal compounds, the structural diversity of endophytic fungi in S. alopecuroides was analyzed. The relationship between endophytes and quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), housed within the seeds of S. alopecuroides, which were interpreted based on established methods of high-throughput sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography. A total of 1,034,418 effective sequence reads and 257 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from 33 samples which were sourced from 11 different sampling sites and further classified into 9 phyla, 20 classes, 45 orders, 85 families, and 118 genera. Ascomycota was found to be the dominant phylum of endophytic fungi in S. alopecuroides, with a relative abundance ranging from 60.85 to 98.30%. Alternaria, Cladosporium, Filobasidium, and an unidentified Ascomycota were the core-shared endophytes, accounting for 49.96, 27.12, 14.83, and 7.88%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the Simpson's diversity index of endophytic fungal community in S. alopecuroides was significantly positively correlated with the Oxymatrine (OMA) content in different areas, while the Chao and Shannoneven indexes were significantly negatively correlated with OMA. The endophytic fungi of Alternaria were positively correlated with the content of OMA, Oxysophocarpine (OSC), and total QAs. This study has mastered the endophytic fungi resources of S. alopecuroides, explored potential functional endophytic fungi, and provided a scientific basis for using biological fertilization strategies to improve the quality of S. alopecuroides.

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The Diversity and Dynamics of Fungi in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Community.

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