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The Association between Anemia and Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

ABSTRACT: (1) Background: Controversy exists regarding the relationship between anemia and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PD related to anemia in the Korean population. (2) Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which includes adults over 40 years of age, was assessed from 2002 to 2015. A total of 5844 PD patients were matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence with 23,376 control participants at a ratio of 1:4. The analyzed covariates included age, sex, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted for case-control analyses. (3) Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of PD associated with anemia was 1.09 after adjusting for potential confounders (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.18, p = 0.030). Among men younger than 70 years, the adjusted OR of PD was 1.34 (95% CI 1.13-1.60, p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that anemia may increase the risk of PD, particularly in men younger than 70 years. Further research is required to elucidate the causal relationship between these two diseases.

SUBMITTER: Kim JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8152756 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Nutritional Anemia: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Project description:Previous studies have suggested an association of anemia with hearing loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of nutritional anemia with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), as previous studies in this aspect are lacking. We analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort 2002-2015. Patients with SSNHL (n = 9393) were paired with 37,572 age-, sex-, income-, and region of residence-matched controls. Both groups were assessed for a history of nutritional anemia. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval, CI) for a previous diagnosis of nutritional anemia and for the hemoglobin level in patients with SSNHL. Subgroup analyses were conducted for age and sex. Age, sex, income, and region of residence were stratified. Obesity, smoking, drinking alcohol, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index were considered in the regression models. Nutritional anemia was present in 4.8% (449/9393) of patients with SSNHL and 4.0% (1494/37,572) of controls (p < 0.001). The SSNHL group demonstrated 1.20-fold higher odds for nutritional anemia (95% CI = 1.08-1.34, p = 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were not associated with SSNHL. In subgroups <60 years old, there was a consistent positive association of nutritional anemia with SSNHL (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.11-2.15, p = 0.010 for men <60 years old, and adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.45, p = 0.028 for women <60 years old). Nutritional anemia, but not hemoglobin level, was associated with an increased risk of SSNHL.

| S-EPMC7558085 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:This study explored the relation between Ménière's disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ≥40-year-old population of the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort was included. In total, 7734 Ménière's disease patients and 30,936 control participants were enrolled. Control participants were matched for age, sex, income, and region of residence with Ménière's disease participants. The odds of having Ménière's disease given a history of COPD were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age, sex, income, and region of residence. The odds of having Ménière's disease were found to be 1.18-fold higher with a history of COPD than with no history of COPD (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.06-1.32, E-value (CI) = 1.64 (1.31)). The ≥60 years old, male, low-income, and rural subgroups showed increased odds of developing Ménière's disease when a history of COPD was reported. A history of COPD was associated with an increased risk of Ménière's disease in the adult population.

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Association between Statin Use and Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort in Korea.

Project description:Concerns about the hazards of statins on the development and mortality of stomach cancers remain controversial. Here, we investigated the likelihood of incident gastric cancers and related mortality depending on statin exposure, statin type, and the duration of use. This nested case-control-designed study was composed of 8798 patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and matched with 35,192 controls at a 1:4 ratio based on propensity scores of age, sex, residential area, and income from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002-2015). Propensity score overlap weighting was adjusted to balance the baseline covariates. Overlap propensity score-weighted logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine associations of the prior use of statins (any statin, hydrophilic statins vs. lipophilic statins) with incident gastric cancer and its mortality depending on the medication duration (<180 days, 180-545 days, and >545 days) after adjusting for multiple covariates. After adjustment, the use of any statin, hydrophilic statins, or lipophilic statins showed significant associations with lower odds for incident stomach cancer when used for a short-term period (180-545 days) (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.86, p = 0.002; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66-0.92, p = 0.004; and OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84-0.99, p = 0.039, respectively) compared to the control group. Hydrophilic statin use for 180-545 days was associated with 53% lower overall mortality (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.29-0.77). In subgroup analyses, beneficial effects on both cancer development and mortality persisted in patients ≥65 years old, patients with normal blood pressure, and patients with high fasting glucose levels. There were no such associations with long-term statin use (>545 days). Thus, the current nationwide cohort study suggests that prior short-term statin use may have anti-gastric cancer benefits in elderly patients with hyperglycemia.

| S-EPMC8707102 | biostudies-literature

Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer's Disease in a Nested Case-Control Study Based on a National Health Screening Cohort.

Project description:Reports on the possible risks for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have included tooth loss as a potential risk factor. However, there are few studies addressing the association between tooth loss and AD in a large sample of participants. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to explore the association of tooth loss with the development of AD in Korean adults. This nested case-control study, which is an analysis utilizing the data of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort study, randomly selected AD and control participants among Korean residents aged ≥60 years. The association between the number of missing teeth and AD occurrence was examined using a logistic regression model. Participants' lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption) and various medical conditions and comorbidities were included as covariates. The mean number of missing teeth was 2.94 in the AD group and 2.59 in the control group. After adjusting for covariates, tooth loss was significantly associated with AD, with an odds ratio (OR) (per 16 missing teeth) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.23, p < 0.001). Tooth loss remained consistently significantly associated with an increased risk of AD for both upper and lower tooth loss. A higher number of missing teeth was related to a higher probability of AD occurrence in an elderly Korean population. Efforts to manage tooth loss could be a possible approach to prevent AD.

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Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Project description:We investigated the association of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use with the risk of stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort from 2002 to 2003, the participants of which were followed up until 2019, was used. In study I, 45,905 participants who were diagnosed with stroke were matched with 91,810 control I participants. The history of PPI medication was examined. In study II, 40,928 participants who were diagnosed with IHD were matched with 81,856 control II participants. In both study I and study II, the previous history of PPI medication was examined. A propensity score overlap-weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the overlap-weighted odds ratios (ORs) of PPI use for stroke (study I) and IHD (study II). Current PPI use was linked with higher odds for stroke in study I. The odds for stroke were higher in groups with a longer duration of PPI use (OR = 0.96 [95% CI = 0.92-1.00] < 1.55 [1.50-1.61] < 1.62 [1.57-1.68] for < 30 days, 30 to 180 days, and ≥180 days of PPI use). Previous PPI use was linked with higher odds for IHD in study II. The odds for stroke were higher in groups with a longer duration of PPI use (OR = 1.13 [95% CI = 1.08-1.18] < 2.12 [2.04-2.21] < 2.60 [2.51-2.69] for <30 days, 30 to 180 days, and ≥180 days of PPI use). Current PPI medication is associated with a high risk of stroke and IHD. A longer duration of PPI medication was related to a higher risk of stroke and IHD. However, a prior history of PPI medication was not linked with a high risk of stroke or IHD.

| S-EPMC10813767 | biostudies-literature

Bell's palsy and obesity, alcohol consumption and smoking: A nested case-control study using a national health screening cohort.

Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, and smoking status with the occurrence of Bell's palsy. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort of a ≥ 40-year-old population from 2000-2003 was used. A total of 5,632 Bell's palsy participants were matched with 22,528 control participants in terms of age, sex, income, region of residence, and past medical histories of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Bell's palsy was classified by a history of ≥2 diagnoses with ICD-10 code (G510) and steroid treatment. BMI (kg/m2) was classified as <18.5 (underweight), ≥18.5 to <23 (normal), ≥23 to <25 (overweight), ≥25 to <30 (obese I), and ≥30 (obese II). Alcohol consumption was divided into non-drinkers and those who drank 2-3 times a month, 1-2 times a week, and ≥3 times a week. Smoking status was categorized as current smokers, past smokers, and non-smokers. The odds of obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with Bell's palsy were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. BMI showed proportionally positive associations with Bell's palsy (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.61 [0.47-0.79] for underweight, 1.16 [1.08-1.26] for normal, 1.24 [1.15-1.33] for obese I, and 1.61 [1.38-1.88] for obese II, P < 0.001). The odds of alcohol consumption with Bell's palsy were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.99) for 2-3 times a month, 0.77 (95% CI = 0.69-0.85) for 1-2 times a week, and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71-0.88) for ≥3 times a week compared to nondrinkers (P < 0.001). Smoking did not show a relationship with the occurrence of Bell's palsy. Obesity was related to the risk of Bell's palsy in the population over 40 years old. On the other hand, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with the occurrence of Bell's palsy.

| S-EPMC7060281 | biostudies-literature

The association between chronic rhinosinusitis and proton pump inhibitor use: a nested case-control study using a health screening cohort.

Project description:This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in a Korean population. The Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort was assessed from 2002 to 2013. Patients with CRS (n = 7194) and control participants (n = 28,776) were matched by random order at a 1:4 ratio for age, sex, income group, region of residence, and index date. We analyzed PPI use by patients with and without CRS. ICD-10 codes defined CRS, and claim codes defined previous PPI use. Conditional logistic regression analyzed the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. There was a difference in PPI prescription history and prescription duration between the CRS and control groups. The rate of CRS was higher in current (33.8% [263/778]) and past (26.3% [713/2708]) PPI users than PPI non-users (19.1% [6218/32,484], P < 0.001). The adjusted OR (aOR) of CRS with/without nasal polyps was 1.71 (95% CI 1.46-2.02, P < 0.001) and 1.28 (95% CI 1.16-1.41, P < 0.001) in current and past PPI users, respectively. Irrespective of PPI prescription days, PPI use was associated with higher CRS occurrence (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.26-1.69, P < 0.001) in the 30-89-day PPI user group. The subgroup analyses results were consistent. The ORs of CRS were higher in PPI users than in the controls, and consistently so in all age and sex groups.

| S-EPMC9187650 | biostudies-literature

Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Are Related to Benign Parotid Tumor: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship among smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity and benign or malignant parotid tumors in a Korean population.MethodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (for ≥40-year-olds) was assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 336 benign parotid tumors and 46 malignant parotid tumors were matched with controls at a ratio of 1 to 4 with respect to age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed previous histories of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. By unconditional logistic regression analyses, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were investigated and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were counted.ResultsThe estimated annual incidence of the benign parotid tumors was 5.66 per 100,000, and that of the malignant parotid tumor was 0.81 per 100,000. The adjusted ORs of smoking for the benign parotid tumors was 2.52 (95% CI, 1.84 to 3.46). This finding was consistent in the subgroups of <60 years old, ≥60 years old, and men. The adjusted ORs of alcohol consumption for the benign parotid tumors showed the statistical significance only in women (adjusted OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.10 to 5.00). Obesity did not reach a statistical significance in any analysis.ConclusionBenign parotid tumor was related with smoking, and it was linked with alcohol consumption in women only.

| S-EPMC6787483 | biostudies-literature

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