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How the Donor/Acceptor Spin States Affect the Electronic Couplings in Molecular Charge-Transfer Processes?

ABSTRACT: The electronic coupling matrix element H_AB is an essential ingredient of most electron-transfer theories. H_AB depends on the overlap between donor and acceptor wave functions and is affected by the involved states' spin. We classify the spin-state effects into three categories: orbital occupation, spin-dependent electron density, and density delocalization. The orbital occupancy reflects the diverse chemical nature and reactivity of the spin states of interest. The effect of spin-dependent density is related to a more compact electron density cloud at lower spin states due to decreased exchange interactions between electrons. Density delocalization is strongly connected with the covalency concept that increases the spatial extent of the diabatic state's electron density in specific directions. We illustrate these effects with high-level ab initio calculations on model direct donor-acceptor systems relevant to metal oxide materials and biological electron transfer. Obtained results can be used to benchmark existing methods for H_AB calculations in complicated cases such as spin-crossover materials or antiferromagnetically coupled systems.

SUBMITTER: Kubas A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8154369 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A new set of [Cu(phen)2]+ based rotaxanes, featuring [60]-fullerene as an electron acceptor and a variety of electron donating moieties, namely zinc porphyrin (ZnP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and ferrocene (Fc), has been synthesized and fully characterized with respect to electrochemical and photophysical properties. The assembly of the rotaxanes has been achieved using a slight variation of our previously reported synthetic strategy that combines the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (the "click" or CuAAC reaction) with Sauvage's metal-template protocol. To underline our results, complementary model rotaxanes and catenanes have been prepared using the same strategy and their electrochemistry and photo-induced processes have been investigated. Insights into excited state interactions have been afforded from steady state and time resolved emission spectroscopy as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. It has been found that photo-excitation of the present rotaxanes triggers a cascade of multi-step energy and electron transfer events that ultimately leads to remarkably long-lived charge separated states featuring one-electron reduced C60 radical anion (C60?-) and either one-electron oxidized porphyrin (ZnP?+) or one-electron oxidized ferrocene (Fc?+) with lifetimes up to 61 microseconds. In addition, shorter-lived charge separated states involving one-electron oxidized copper complexes ([Cu(phen)2]2+ (? < 100 ns)), one-electron oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc?+; ? = 380-560 ns), or ZnP?+ (? = 2.3-8.4 ?s), and C60?- have been identified as intermediates during the sequence. Detailed energy diagrams illustrate the sequence and rate constants of the photophysical events occurring with the mechanically-linked chromophores. This work pioneers the exploration of mechanically-linked systems as platforms to position three distinct chromophores, which are able to absorb light over a very wide range of the visible region, triggering a cascade of short-range energy and electron transfer processes to afford long-lived charge separated states.

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How the Donor/Acceptor Spin States Affect the Electronic Couplings in Molecular Charge-Transfer Processes?

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