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Bacterial Mediated Rapid and Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Efficacy against Pathogenic Microorganisms.

ABSTRACT: In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), biosynthesized using culture supernatant of bacterial strain Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans MAHUQ-43, were characterized and their antimicrobial activity was investigated against both Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial-mediated synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, field emission-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed the absorption maxima at 466 nm which assured the synthesis of AgNPs. The FE-TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of nanoparticles with the size range from 13 to 27 nm. The EDX and XRD analysis ensured the crystalline nature of biosynthesized AgNPs. The FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of different biomolecules for the synthesis of AgNPs as reducing and capping agents. The bacterial-mediated synthesized AgNPs inhibited the growth of pathogenic strains B. cereus and P. aeruginosa and developed a clear zone of inhibition (ZOI). The MIC and MBC for both pathogens were 12.5 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs can destroy the outer membrane and alter the cell morphology of treated pathogens, leading to the death of cells. This study concludes the eco-friendly, facile and rapid synthesis of AgNPs using P. nicotinovorans MAHUQ-43 and synthesized AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.

SUBMITTER: Huq MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8155946 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectivesAt the present time, there is a persistent need to get rid of environmental contaminants by eco-friendly, sustainable, and economical technologies. Uncontrolled disposal practices of domestic and industrial solid and liquid wastes led to water pollution which has negative impacts on public health, environment, and socio-economic development. Several water-borne diseases are spreading man to man by microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria. For the protection of water bodies, all wastewater from various sources should be managed and remediated properly. Myco-remediation is a form of bioremediation in which fungi are used to get rid of contaminants. Fungi are attractive agents for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which are considered one of the most widely utilized nanoparticles because of their unique characteristics such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.MethodsThis study uses silver nitrate and supernatants of four marine fungi; Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus japonicus, and Aspergillus oryzae for extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate its activity against different pathogenic microorganisms. These nanoparticles may subsequently be applied for the treatment or nano-bioremediation of microbial contaminants in water bodies and improve water quality.ResultsSilver nanoparticles were synthesized and the results revealed that spherical and well-dispersed nanoparticles of different sizes were formed with sizes ranging between 3.8 and 23 nm. Characterization results approved the existence of stable nanocrystalline elemental silver. Antibacterial activity results revealed that AgNPs can be used as a powerful antimicrobial agent for several pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Among the biosynthesized NPs mediated by the four marine fungi, AgNPs mediated by A. japonicus (5 mM) had the highest antibacterial activity, while AgNPs mediated by Penicillium simplicissmum (8 mM) had the highest antifungal activity.ConclusionMarine fungi can biosynthesize stable AgNPs that exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens.

Project description:Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aqueous 'root extract' of Salvadora persica (Sp) plant as a reducing agent. The synthesized Salvadora persica nano particles (SpNPs) showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to earlier reported studies. We characterized SpNPs using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD). UV-Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR analysis depicts presence of bond stretching including OH- (3300 cm-1), C=N- (2100 cm-1) and NH- (1630 cm-1) which are attributed in the involvement of phenolics, proteins or nitrogenous compounds in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM, FE-SEM and DLS analysis revealed the spherical and rod nature of SpNPs and an average size of particles as 37.5 nm. XRD analysis showed the presence of the cubic structure of Ag which confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. To demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy, we evaluated SpNPs antimicrobial activity against two bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)). SpNPs showed a significantly high inhibition for both pathogens and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found to be 0.39 µg/mL and 0.78 µg/mL for E. coli while 0.19 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL for S. epidermidis respectively. Further, Syto 16 staining of bacterial cells provided a supplemental confirmation of the antimicrobial efficacy as the bacterial cells treated with SpNPs stop to fluoresce compared to the untreated bacterial cells. Our highly potent SpNPs will likely have a great potential for many antimicrobial applications including wound healing, water purification, air filtering and other biomedical applications.

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Bacterial Mediated Rapid and Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Efficacy against Pathogenic Microorganisms.

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