Housing, Living Arrangements and Mental Health of Young Adults in Independent Living.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Seo BK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8156951 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundParental separation has been associated with adverse child mental health outcomes in the literature. For school-aged children, joint physical custody (JPC), that is, spending equal time in both parents' homes after a divorce, has been associated with better health and well-being than single care arrangements. Preschool children's well-being in JPC is less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of living arrangements and coparenting quality with mental health in preschool children after parental separation.MethodsThis cross-sectional population-based study includes 12 845 three-year-old children in Sweden. Mental health was measured by parental reports of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and coparenting quality with a four-item scale. The living arrangements of the 642 children in non-intact families were categorised into JPC, living mostly with one parent and living only with one parent.ResultsLinear regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic confounders, showed an association between increased mental health problems and living mostly and only with one parent (B=1.18; 95% CI 0.37 to 2.00, and B=1.20; 95% CI 0.40 to 2.00, respectively), while children in intact families vs JPC did not differ significantly (B=-0.11; 95% CI -0.58 to 0.36). After adjusting the analyses for coparenting quality, differences in child mental health between the post divorce living arrangements were, however, minimal while children in intact families had more mental health problems compared with JPC (B=0.70; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.15). Factorial analysis of covariance revealed that low coparenting quality was more strongly related to mental health problems for children in intact families and JPC compared with children living mostly or only with one parent.ConclusionsThis study suggests that coparenting quality is a key determinant of mental health in preschool children and thus should be targeted in preventive interventions.
| S-EPMC8160159 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As rents have risen and wages have not kept pace, housing affordability in the United States has declined over the last 15 years, impacting the housing and living arrangements of low-income families. Housing subsidies improve the housing situations of low-income families, but less than one in four eligible families receive a voucher. In this article, we analyze whether one of the largest anti-poverty programs in the United States-the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)-affects the housing (eviction, homelessness, and affordability) and living arrangements (doubling up, number of people in the household, and crowding) of low-income families. Using the Current Population Survey, the American Community Survey/decennial census, and the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we employ a parameterized difference-in-differences strategy to examine whether policy-induced expansions to the EITC affect the housing and living arrangements of single mothers. Results suggest that a $1,000 increase in the EITC improves housing by reducing housing cost burdens, but it has no effect on eviction or homelessness. Increases in the EITC also reduce doubling up (living with additional, nonnuclear family adults)-in particular, doubling up in someone else's home-and reduce three-generation/multigenerational coresidence, suggesting that mothers have a preference to live independently. We find weak evidence for a reduction in overall household size, yet the EITC does reduce household crowding. Although the EITC is not an explicit housing policy, expansions to the EITC are generally linked with improved housing outcomes for single mothers and their children.
| S-EPMC6669080 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionTo assess the burden of depression, anxiety and suicidality; and to determine the impact of integrated mental health and HIV services on treatment outcomes among Thai adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYHIV).MethodsA multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted among AYHIV (15 to 25 years), and age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected adolescents and young adults (HUAY). The Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scales (GAD-7) were used as screening tools for depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. History of lifetime and recent suicidal ideations/attempts were ascertained. Elevated mental health screening scores were defined as having either significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥9), significant anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥10) or suicidality (lifetime; and recent [within two weeks]). Participants meeting these criteria were referred to psychiatrists for confirmatory diagnosis and mental health services. Follow-up assessment with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 was performed one year after psychiatric referral.ResultsFrom February to April 2018, 150 AYHIV and 150 HUAY were enrolled, median age was 19.0 (IQR:16.8 to 21.8) years and 56% lived in urban areas. Among AYHIV, 73% had HIV RNA <50 copies/mL, and median CD4 count was 580 (IQR:376 to 744) cells/mm3 . At enrolment, 31 AYHIV (21%; 95%CI:14% to 28%) had elevated mental health screening scores; 17 (11%) significant depressive symptoms, 11 (7%) significant anxiety symptoms and 21 (14%) suicidality. Seven AYHIV (5%) had all three co-existing conditions. These prevalences were not substantially different from HUAY. Urban living increased risk, whereas older age decreased risk of elevated mental health screening scores (p < 0.05). All AYHIV with elevated mental health screening scores were referred to study psychiatrists, and 19 (13%; 95%CI: 8% to 19%) had psychiatrist-confirmed mental health disorders (MHDs), including adjustment disorder (n = 5), major depression (n = 4), anxiety disorders (n = 2), post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 1) and mixed MHDs (n = 4). One year after psychiatric referral, 42% of AYHIV who received mental health services demonstrated an absence of significant mental health symptoms from the reassessments, and 26% had an improved score.ConclusionsWith the significant burden of MHDs among AYHIV, an integration of mental health services, including mental health screenings, and psychiatric consultation and referral, is critically needed and should be scaled up in HIV healthcare facilities.
| S-EPMC7876472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAdvancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of older adults in a family setup that is associated with caregiving and support. While family life and well-being are defined by emotion, caregiving, and support activities, dissatisfaction/discontent with living arrangements is a public health concern, which is increasing with a rise in the proportion of the older population in the country. The study examines the association of dissatisfaction with living arrangements with health outcomes among older men and women in India.MethodsThe present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India'. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9181 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to present the preliminary estimates. For finding the association between various health outcomes over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used separately for men and women.ResultsAbout 22.8% of men and 30.8% of women who were living alone were dissatisfied with their present living arrangement. It was revealed that both men and women who were dissatisfied with their present living arrangements had significantly higher odds of experiencing poor self-rated health [OR:4.45, 3.25 ~ 6.09 and OR:3.32, 2.54 ~ 4.34], low psychological health [OR: 2.15, 1.61 ~ 2.86 and OR: 1.99, 1.57 ~ 2.53], low subjective well-being [OR: 3.37, 2.54 ~ 4.45 and OR: 3.03, 2.36 ~ 3.38], low ADL [OR: 1.77, 1.2 ~ 2.62 and OR: 1.59, 1.17 ~ 2.18, low IADL] [OR: 1.32, 1.03 ~ 1.69 and OR: 1.57, 1.24 ~ 1.98] and low cognitive ability [OR: 1.26, 0.98 ~ 1.61 and OR:1.44, 1.13 ~ 1.82] in comparison to their counterpart from men and women respectively.ConclusionIt is found that dissatisfaction with the living arrangement of older men and women is negatively associated with major health outcomes. Hence, appropriate policies and programs must be developed to promote increased family care and support and an improved residential environment that would create a feeling of comfort and happiness among older individuals.
| S-EPMC8258997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Individuals with mental health conditions represent a priority population for tobacco control. This population smokes cigarettes at disproportionately higher rates than the general population, but less is known about the relationship between non-cigarette tobacco use and mental health status. METHOD:In 2013, 2370 young adults recruited from 11 colleges in North Carolina and Virginia completed an online survey on tobacco use. We compared past 6-month self-reported mental health diagnosis, past 30-day depression score, and past 7-day stress score to past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, waterpipe, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use. Models adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and mother's education. Non-cigarette products were also adjusted for past 30-day cigarette use. RESULTS:Among participants, 249 (10.5%) reported a mental health diagnosis, most commonly depression (5.5%), ADHD/ADD (4.5%), and anxiety (0.8%). Those who reported a mental health diagnosis had greater odds of using cigarettes (AOR=1.55; CI=1.01, 2.27). Mean stress score was 16.0 (SD=6.9) of possible 40. Higher stress scale score was associated with increased odds of e-cigarette (AOR=1.03; CI=1.01, 1.05), waterpipe (AOR=1.04; CI=1.01, 1.06), and cigarette (AOR=1.02; CI=1.00, 1.04) use. Mean depression score was 7.2 (SD=5.6) of possible 33. Higher depression scale score was associated with increased odds for e-cigarette (AOR=1.04; CI=1.01, 1.08) and cigarette (AOR=1.03; CI=1.01, 1.06) use. CONCLUSION:Findings in this study provide further evidence of a potential relationship between non-cigarette tobacco products and mental health status. Tobacco control efforts aimed at reducing tobacco use disparities among mental health populations should focus on non-cigarette tobacco products in addition to cigarettes.
| S-EPMC5701872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesLiving arrangement has been reported to have a significant influence on feelings of loneliness in older adults, but their living preferences may confound the association. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of living arrangements with loneliness differ in community-dwelling older adults according to different living preferences.MethodsIn the 2008/2009 (baseline) and 2011/2012 (follow-up) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, living arrangements [living with children mainly (LWC), living with spouse only (LWS), and living alone (LA)], living preferences [preferring living with children (PreLWC) and preferring living alone/only with spouse (PreLA)], and feelings of loneliness were assessed. The effect modifications of living preferences in the associations of living arrangements with loneliness were estimated using logistic regression models, and corresponding odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.ResultsLiving preferences significantly modified the associations of living arrangements with loneliness at baseline (p for interaction = 0.009 for LWS and = 0.015 for LA). Compared with LWC, LWS was protective for loneliness only in the PreLA older adults at baseline (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.45-0.64, p < 0.001), and LA was significantly associated with loneliness especially in the PreLWC older adults, compared with their PreLA counterparts (at baseline, ORs = 2.89 vs. 2.15; at follow-up, ORs = 1.68 vs. 1.51).ConclusionLiving preference modifies the associations of living arrangements with loneliness, and those who prefer living with children but live alone are more likely to feel lonely. It is recommended that living preferences should be considered when managing loneliness in community-dwelling older adults.
| S-EPMC8814323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim:This study aimed to investigate changes in mental health among young adults participating in an integrated mental health and vocational support intervention according to the Södertälje Supported Employment and Education model. Design:A prospective longitudinal pre-post intervention study of 12 months. Methods:Instruments on depressive symptoms, quality of life, empowerment, engagement in activities and sociodemographic characteristics were administered to 42 young adults aged 19-28 years with mood disorders. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess changes in mental health. Results:Statistically significant positive changes between baseline and 12 months were noted for quality of life and engagement in activities. Difference in empowerment scores neared significance and a statistical trend towards lower depression scores was seen, corresponding to moderate depression at baseline and less severe depression at 12 months. Conclusions:Integrated mental health and vocational services may support young adults' mental health and is suggested to be linked to their personal recovery and clinical recovery.
| S-EPMC7544838 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research on the bi-directional relationship between mental health and homelessness is reviewed and extended to consider a broader global perspective, highlighting structural factors that contribute to housing instability and its mental ill health sequelae. Local, national and international initiatives to address housing and mental health include Housing First in Western countries and promising local programmes in India and Africa. Ways that psychiatrists and physicians can be agents of changes range from brief screening for housing stability to structural competence training. Narrow medico-scientific framing of these issues risks losing sight of the foundational importance of housing to mental health and well-being.
| S-EPMC7525583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Young adults who experience homelessness are exposed to environments that contribute to risk behavior. However, few studies have examined how access to housing may affect the health risk behaviors of young adults experiencing homelessness. OBJECTIVE:This paper describes the Log My Life study that uses an innovative, mixed-methods approach based on geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (EMA) through cell phone technology to understand the risk environment of young adults who have either enrolled in housing programs or are currently homeless. METHODS:For the quantitative arm, study participants age 18-27 respond to momentary surveys via a smartphone app that collects geospatial information repeatedly during a 1-week period. Both EMAs (up to 8 per day) and daily diaries are prompted to explore within-day and daily variations in emotional affect, context, and health risk behavior, while also capturing infrequent risk behaviors such as sex in exchange for goods or services. For the qualitative arm, a purposive subsample of participants who indicated engaging in risky behaviors are asked to complete an in-depth qualitative interview using an interactive, personalized geospatial map rendering of EMA responses. RESULTS:Recruitment began in June of 2017. To date, 170 participants enrolled in the study. Compliance with EMA and daily diary surveys was generally high. In-depth qualitative follow-ups have been conducted with 15 participants. We expect to recruit 50 additional participants and complete analyses by September of 2019. CONCLUSIONS:Mixing the quantitative and qualitative arms in this study will provide a more complete understanding of differences in risk environments between homeless and housed young adults. Furthermore, this approach can improve recall bias and enhance ecological validity. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID):DERR1-10.2196/12112.
| S-EPMC6329898 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10715451 | biostudies-literature