Metabolic flexibility during late pregnancy is associated with neonatal adiposity.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tinius RA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8158655 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Metabolic flexibility during late pregnancy is associated with neonatal adiposity.
Tinius Rachel A RA Blankenship Maire M MM Furgal Karen E KE Cade W Todd WT Duchette Cathryn C Pearson Kevin J KJ Maples Jill M JM
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 20210205 4
The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between maternal metabolic flexibility during pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes. Percent change in lipid oxidation (before and after a high-fat meal) was calculated as the measure of "metabolic flexibility". Neonatal adiposity was assessed within 48 h of delivery by skinfold anthropometry. Metabolic flexibility (<i>r</i> = -0.271, <i>p</i> = 0.034), maternal HOMA-IR (<i>r</i> = 0.280, <i>p</i> = 0.030), and maternal body mass index (< ...[more]
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Project description:Aims/hypothesisOffspring of obese women are at increased risk of features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity and diabetes. Lifestyle intervention in pregnancy might reduce adverse effects of maternal obesity on neonatal adiposity.MethodsIn the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Prevention (DALI) lifestyle trial, 436 women with a BMI ≥29 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to counselling on healthy eating (HE), physical activity (PA) or HE&PA, or to usual care (UC). In secondary analyses of the lifestyle trial, intervention effects on neonatal outcomes (head, abdominal, arm and leg circumferences and skinfold thicknesses, estimated fat mass, fat percentage, fat-free mass and cord blood leptin) were assessed using multilevel regression analyses. Mediation of intervention effects by lifestyle and gestational weight gain was assessed.ResultsOutcomes were available from 334 neonates. A reduction in sum of skinfolds (-1.8 mm; 95% CI -3.5, -0.2; p = 0.03), fat mass (-63 g; 95% CI -124, -2; p = 0.04), fat percentage (-1.2%; 95% CI -2.4%, -0.04%; p = 0.04) and leptin (-3.80 μg/l; 95% CI -7.15, -0.45; p = 0.03) was found in the HE&PA group, and reduced leptin in female neonates in the PA group (-5.79 μg/l; 95% CI -11.43, -0.14; p = 0.05) compared with UC. Reduced sedentary time, but not gestational weight gain, mediated intervention effects on leptin in both the HE&PA and PA groups.Conclusions/interpretationThe HE&PA intervention resulted in reduced adiposity in neonates. Reduced sedentary time seemed to drive the intervention effect on cord blood leptin. Implications for future adiposity and diabetes risk of the offspring need to be elucidated.Trial registrationISRCTN70595832.
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Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Poor maternal diet in pregnancy can influence fetal growth and development. We tested the hypothesis that poor maternal diet quality during pregnancy would increase neonatal adiposity (percent fat mass (%FM)) at birth by increasing the fat mass (FM) component of neonatal body composition. METHODS:Our analysis was conducted using a prebirth observational cohort of 1079 mother-offspring pairs. Pregnancy diet was assessed via repeated Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recalls, from which Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores were calculated for each mother. HEI-2010 was dichotomized into scores of ?57 and >57, with low scores representing poorer diet quality. Neonatal %FM was assessed within 72?h after birth with air displacement plethysmography. Using univariate and multivariate linear models, we analyzed the relationship between maternal diet quality and neonatal %FM, FM, and fat-free mass (FFM) while adjusting for prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), physical activity, maternal age, smoking, energy intake, preeclampsia, hypertension, infant sex and gestational age. RESULTS:Total HEI-2010 score ranged between 18.2 and 89.5 (mean: 54.2, s.d.: 13.6). An HEI-2010 score of ?57 was significantly associated with higher neonatal %FM (?=0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-1.1, P<0.05) and FM (?=20.74; 95% CI 1.49-40.0; P<0.05) but no difference in FFM. CONCLUSIONS:Poor diet quality during pregnancy increases neonatal adiposity independent of maternal prepregnancy BMI and total caloric intake. This further implicates maternal diet as a potentially important exposure for fetal adiposity.
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