Individual and Combined Effects of Booting and Flowering High-Temperature Stress on Rice Biomass Accumulation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mahmood A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8160744 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Rice is one of the world's leading food crops, and over 90% of the world's rice production stems from Asia. In particular, an increase of 1 °C in the minimum temperature reduces the quantity of rice by 10%. Therefore, the development of rice varieties that can stably maintain the yield and quality of the rice even under these rapid climate changes is indispensable. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping after treatment with heat stress during the booting stage in rice. We performed a QTL analysis using the Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid (CNDH) line and identified 19 QTLs during the 2 year analysis. Of these QTL regions, the 2.2 cM region of RM3709-RM11694 on chromosome 1 was shared among the six traits (heading date; culm length; panicle length; number of tiller; 1000 grain weight; and content of chlorophyll) examined. Rice Microsatellite (RM) 3709-RM11694 contained 27 high-temperature-tolerance candidate genes. Among the candidate genes, OsBHT showed a different gene expression level between CNDH75, which is a high-temperature tolerant line, and CNDH11 which is a susceptible line. Although some existing high-temperature-tolerant genes have been reported, OsBHT can be used more effectively for the development of heat tolerance in rice.
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Project description:Rice bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) implies substantial yield loss to rice. In times of climate change, increasing temperatures are observed and further acceleration is expected worldwide. Increasing temperature often turns into inhibition of host plant defense to pathogens. Recently, a reduced resistance in rice IRBB4 carrying Xa4, but an increase in resistance in IRBB7 carrying Xa7 resistance by increasing temperature has been reported. Influence of high temperature on both R genes (Xa4+Xa7) combined in IRBB67 was analyzed under growth chamber conditions and transcriptomic analysis performed. The pyramided line IRBB67 showed no differences in lesion length between both temperature regimes, demonstrating that non-effectiveness of Xa4 at high temperature did not affect IRBB67 resistance. Moreover, Xa4 complements Xa7 resistance with no Xoo spread in planta beyond the symptomatic area under both temperature regimes in IRBB67. Time course transcriptomic analysis revealed that temperature enhanced IRBB67 resistance to combined heat and Xoo. Our findings highlight altered cellular compartments and point at a role of the cell wall involved in Xoo resistance and heat stress tolerance in both susceptible (IR24) and the resistant (IRBB67) NILs. Interestingly, up-regulation of trehalose-6-phosphatase gene and low affinity cation transporter in IRBB67 suggest that IRBB67 maintained a certain homeostasis under high temperature which may have enhanced its resistance. The interplay of both heat stress and Xoo responses as determined by up-regulated and down-regulated genes demonstrates how resistant plants cope with combined biotic and abiotic stresses.
| S-EPMC6971257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We examined the relationship between morphological characteristics of anthers and fertility in japonica rice cultivars subjected to high temperature (37.5(26 degrees C day/night) at flowering. Percentage fertility was negatively correlated with the number of cell layers that separated the anther locule from the lacuna that formed between the septum and the stomium. The cell layers consisted of the remaining septum and degraded tapetum, and serve to keep the adjacent two locules closed. Anther dehiscence therefore requires the rupture of the cell layers. We conclude that the tight closure of the locules by the cell layers delayed locule opening, and decreased fertility at high temperatures.
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Project description:Purpose: understanding the complex genetic control of heat tolerance can be reached using whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) that is currently the most powerful tool to identify genes differentially regulated. Heat responses differ greatly between sensitive and tolerant genotypes, mainly in terms of the amount of genes and pathways involved in the response and differences in the expression level of constitutive genes in many pathways. The present study aims to compare the molecular response of Brazilian flooded rice cultivars with variable sensitivity to heat stress at anthesis stage and to discuss the possible processes involved in heat tolerance. Methods: Panicle mRNA profiles of cultivars IRGA 428 (sensitive) and BR-IRGA 409 (tolerant) were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate (each replicate is composed of two plants), under three days of heat stress and control condition at anthesis stage, using Illumina Hiseq 2500. The sequence reads from each sample that passed quality filters were mapped independently, generating contigs that were aligned with the reference genome sequences in rice (cv. MH63-indica). The transcripts were analyzed at the expression level with statistic test (EdgeR – Rstudio) to identify the significant changes in the expression level of the genes for each treatment condition and cultivar follow by identification of metabolic pathways (MapMan and Cytoscape) based on different programs. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we identified 16,871 transcripts in the rice spikelet of sensitive and tolerant cultivars with HISAT workflow. Using filtered and aligned reads, transcript levels were used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different thermal condition and cultivars. We identified 2,064 genes for BR-IRGA 409 and 1,078 genes for IRGA 428 that showed a significant change in expression in response to heat stress (LogFC ≥0.5 and adjusted p-value <0.001). When it was examined the multi-factor responsive genes, that is genes with an interaction between cultivar and heat stress (multi-factor analysis - cultivars vs control and high temperature), it was identified 65 DEGs in response to heat stress (LogFC ≥0.5 and adjusted p-value <0.001). Comparison of our data set with other RNA-seq studies shows a significant overlap in heat responsive genes (hypergeometric enrichment test). This core set of genes common among RNA-seq studies indicates that it may be associated with basal response to heat. In the present study, genes related to light reaction pathway were induced in the panicle of the cultivar IRGA 428, while these genes in cultivar BR-IRGA 409 were already expressed highly in control conditions. The basal level of these genes in BR-IRGA 409 was as high as the heat-induced level in the sensitive IRGA 428. Photosynthesis is known to occur in rice panicles, but little has been reported about the photosynthetic characteristics of such panicles. To cope with heat stress, plants have developed a sophisticated mechanism to repair photosystem damage. Therefore, in IRGA 428 the induction of these genes suggests the activation of a repair mechanism to reverse damage on the photosynthetic apparatus caused by the heat stress. The difference in basal levels of the photosynthetic genes may be a contributing factor to the differences in spikelet fertility between the cultivars under heat stress. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the heat tolerance of Brazilian rice cultivars. In panicle tissue, most canonical heat responsive genes, such as HSF family, small HSP family and FKBP family, show a similar response in both Brazilian cultivars, despite the fact that these cultivars have not been specifically selected for heat tolerance. The response of photosynthetic genes to heat stress is a major difference between the cultivars BR-IRGA 409 and IRGA 428. This study indicates that the higher basal expression of photosynthetic genes in the panicle provides improved spikelet fertility under heat stress. This may provide potential markers that can be used to identify heat tolerant genotypes among rice breeding programs. This study emphasizes that the characterization of heat stress responses in individual cultivars provides insights into both the basic mechanisms of heat response and assists with understanding the complex phenomenon of responses to high temperature stress.
2018-08-29 | GSE119109 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundRice is one of the most important cereals consumed worldwide. Two major abiotic factors affecting rice plants in different growth stages are flooding stress and cold stress. These abiotic stresses can take place independently or simultaneously and significantly affect rice plants during germination and seedling growth. Fortunately, a wide array of phenotypic responses conferring flooding stress and chilling stress tolerance exist within the rice germplasm, indicating the presence of different molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance to these stresses. Understanding these differences may assist in developing improved rice cultivars having higher tolerance to both stresses. In this study, we conducted a comparative global gene expression analysis of two rice genotypes with contrasting phenotypes under cold stress, anaerobic stress, and combined cold and anaerobic stress during germination.ResultsThe differential gene expression analysis revealed that 5571 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 7206 DEGs, and 13279 DEGs were identified under anaerobic stress, cold stress, and combined stress, respectively. Genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, glucosyltransferase activity, regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process, protein metabolic process, lipid metabolic process, cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process, lipid biosynthetic process, and a microtubule-based process were enriched across all stresses. Notably, the common Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified three hub genes, namely Os08g0176800 (similar to mRNA-associated protein mrnp 41), Os11g0454200 (dehydrin), and OS10g0505900 (expressed protein).ConclusionA large number of differentially expressed genes were identified under anaerobic, cold conditions during germination and the combination of the two stress conditions in rice. These results will assist in the identification of promising candidate genes for possible manipulation toward rice crops that are more tolerant under flooding and cold during germination, both independently and concurrently.
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Project description:Elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) environments have been predicted to improve rice yields under future climate. However, a concomitant rise in temperature could negate e[CO2] impact on plants, presenting a serious challenge for crop improvement. High temperature (HT) stress tolerant NL-44 and high yielding basmati Pusa 1121 rice cultivars, were exposed to e[CO2] (from panicle initiation to maturity) and a combination of e[CO2] + HT (from heading to maturity) using field based open top chambers. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121. Conversely, e[CO2] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced seed-set and 1000 grain weight, respectively. Averaged across both the cultivars, grain yield was reduced by 18 to 29%. Despite highly positive response with e[CO2], Pusa 1121 exposure to e[CO2] + HT led to significant reduction in seed-set and sink starch metabolism enzymatic activity. Interestingly, NL-44 maintained higher seed-set and resilience with starch metabolism enzymes under e[CO2] + HT exposure. Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO2] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity, benefiting from [CO2] rich environments.
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