A fatal association of COVID-19 and acute complicated Type-B aortic dissection: Interventional management in a difficult situation
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jariwala P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8164519 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe role of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evolved and is now firmly established as a mainstay of therapy for acute complicated type B aortic dissection (acTBAD). However, several important issues remain unresolved including the optimal timing, sizing, graft selection, coverage length and utilization of adjunctive therapies to address false lumen perfusion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a contemporary perspective on the management and results for TEVAR of acTBAD.MethodsAll TEVAR patients (N.=159) with acTBAD from a single high-volume, academic medical center were analyzed. Comparative results across time-dependent cohorts (2005-2009 [N.=43] vs. 2010-2014 [N.=56] vs. 2015-2020 [N.=60]) are presented.Results30-day mortality was 13%(N.=21) with a trend towards improvement over time (2005-2009, 18% vs. 2010-2020, 12%; P=0.1). Similarly, incidence of postoperative complications also declined: 2005-2009, 70% vs. 2010-2020, 36%(P-trend=0.08). One and 2-year freedom from aorta-related reintervention was 78±7% and 73±9% and did not differ across cohorts (log-rank P=0.5). Respective one and 5-year survival was 75±3% and 64±7%, but significantly improved with time (log-rank P<0.001). The corresponding one and five-year freedom from aorta-related mortality was 82±4% and 78±7% but did not change during the study interval (log-rank P=0.3).ConclusionsOutcomes for TEVAR of acTBAD continue to improve over time. This time-dependent analysis delineates how results have changed due to increasing experience, technologic evolution, and maturation of the peer reviewed evidence. These results along with the evidence-based review provided herein, provide an update on the management and results of TEVAR of acTBAD while highlighting specific controversies unique to the management of this challenging clinical problem.
| S-EPMC7796970 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8288752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAortic calcification (AC) is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and mortality. Numerous studies have explored the association between calcification and abdominal artery aneurysm. However, evidence regarding the association between AC and acute aortic dissection (AAD) is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between AC-related variables and the development of intimal tear (IT) in patients with AAD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study involving 64 patients with type A AAD and 32 patients with type B AAD from February, 2011 to January, 2017 at a tertiary referral medical center in Taiwan. We used the default analysis module "calcification score analysis" to calculate all the calcification variables, including AC scores and volume.ResultsWe identified an association between AC and AAD. Patients with AAD had a greater AC volume in the aortic arch and greater AC scores for both the ascending aorta and the aortic arch than did patients without AAD. However, hypertension and coronary artery disease, rather than AC remained to be the independent risk factor for AAD in multivariate analysis. Patients with type A AAD had greater mean and cumulative AC volumes in the aortic arch, greater cumulative AC volumes in the whole aorta and higher cumulative AC scores in the aortic arch than did patients with type B AAD. ACs were superimposed on ITs in nearly half of the patients with AAD. In patients with type A AAD, AC was more commonly located distal to the IT and farther from the IT.ConclusionsWe identified the associations between AC-related variables and the location of IT in patients with AAD. However, AC was not an independent risk factor for AAD. The distribution of AC was different between patients with type A and type B AAD.
| S-EPMC6622544 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We reported a 48-year-old male patient with postoperative hemorrhage. Given his frailty, emergent interventional procedures were successfully performed and the end of the left subclavian artery was embolized by four coils. Our report provided a new therapeutic approach regarding the frail patients presenting postoperative hemorrhage.
| S-EPMC5067825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:When chronic aortic dissection (CAD) is associated with aortic dilatation, the risk of aortic rupture increases. We report a case of CAD complicated by acute aortitis that was depicted in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast-enhanced MRI allows early detection of subtle changes in the aortic wall as well as disease activity. Inflammation of aortic wall in the aortic dissection can be at higher risk of the dissected aortic expansion and rupture. When we recognize inflammation of unknown origin with CAD, contrast-enhanced MRI should be performed to rule out CAD complicated by acute aortitis may lead to catastrophic complications.
| S-EPMC5551913 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10565028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundType A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an extremely severe condition, having a high risk of mortality. Initial diagnosis can be deceptive, especially in patients with other confounding presentations.Case summaryWe present the case of a 60-year-old male with a history of endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic dissection, in whom a diagnosis of AAD was made, but almost missed, after he presented with stroke signs and left coronary myocardial infarction. Thorough clinical evaluation and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) were fundamental to the diagnosis of the underlying condition, which showed the intimal flap in the ascending aorta, aortic insufficiency, and a dissected left common carotid artery. The diagnosis was confirmed with a head and thoracic computed tomography scan, which also showed bilateral haemorrhagic strokes. Treatment options can be limited in patients with AAD with associated complications. After a careful multidisciplinary evaluation, life-sustaining therapy was withdrawn and the patient passed away.DiscussionOur case depicts the diagnosis challenge presented by patients with AAD. We emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion and POCUS examination for the diagnosis of the underlying condition, as it is frequently missed during first evaluation. We discuss the available literature regarding the prevalence and described mechanisms by which AAD can associate occlusion myocardial infarction, which more commonly involves the right coronary artery, as well as haemorrhagic stroke. We briefly mention management options, which are limited and controversial.
| S-EPMC10635585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe study objective was to evaluate the management of malperfusion in acute type B aortic dissection with endovascular fenestration/stenting.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2018, 182 patients with an acute type B aortic dissection underwent fenestration/stenting for suspected malperfusion based on imaging, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings. Data were obtained from medical record review and the National Death Index database.ResultsThe median age of patients was 55 years. Signs of malperfusion included abdominal pain (61%), lower-extremity weakness (27%), nonpalpable lower-extremity pulses (24%), and abnormal lactate, creatinine, liver enzymes, and creatine kinase levels. Confirmed hemodynamically significant malperfusion affected the spinal cord (2.7%), celiac (24%), superior mesenteric (40%), renal (51%), and iliofemoral (43%) arterial distributions. Of the 182 patients, 99 (54%) underwent aortic fenestration/stenting, 108 (59%) had 1 or multi-branch vessel fenestration/stenting, 5 (2.7%) had concomitant thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 17 (9.3%) had additional thrombolysis or thromboembolectomy, and 48 (26%) received no intervention. After fenestration/stenting, 24 patients (13%) required additional procedures for necrotic bowel or limb and 9 patients (4.9%) had subsequent aortic repair (thoracic endovascular aortic repair, open repair) before discharge. The new-onset paraplegia was 0%. The in-hospital mortality was 7.7% over 20+ years and 0% in the last 8 years. The 5- and 10-year survivals were 72% and 49%, respectively. The significant risk factors for late mortality were age and acute paralysis (hazard ratio, 3.5; both P < .0001). Given death as a competing factor, the 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of reintervention was 21% and 31% for distal aortic pathology, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with acute type B aortic dissection with malperfusion can be managed with endovascular fenestration/stenting with excellent short- and long-term outcomes. This approach is particularly helpful to patients with static malperfusion of aortic branch vessels.
| S-EPMC7103520 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aortic dissection is a rare but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Management strategies of PCI induced dissection are not clearly identified in literature; such occurrences often mandate surgical repair of the aortic root with reimplantation of the coronary arteries. Another trend seen in case reports is the use of coronary-aortic stenting if such lesions permit. Several factors impact the management decision including the hemodynamic stability of the patient; mechanism of aortic injury; size, severity, and direction of propagation of the dissection; presence of an intimal flap; and preexisting atherosclerotic disease. We describe a case of a 65-year-old woman who underwent PCI for a chronic right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion, which was complicated by aortic dissection and pericardial effusion. Our case report suggests that nonsurgical management may also be appropriate for PCI induced dissections, and potentially even those associated with new pericardial effusion.
| S-EPMC4313002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RationaleAcute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) is a potentially fatal clinical crisis. Hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade due to the rupture of an ascending aortic root dissection is extremely dangerous and often lacks timely clinical evidence. We report sudden death in a patient diagnosed with AAAD and in whom critical care ultrasound highly indicated hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade.Presenting concernsA 75-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department with a complaint of chest pain for 8 hours. Computed tomography angiography findings indicated AAAD with a wide range of lesions. During the preoperative preparation process, he suddenly lost consciousness with a pulseless femoral artery.Diagnoses: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated and critical care ultrasound revealed hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade, strongly indicating the rupture of an ascending aortic root dissection.InterventionsHowever, family members refused further surgical interventions.OutcomesThe etiology could not be reversed and the patient died.LessonsCritical care ultrasound is an important skill that intensivists should master for fast screening of life-threatening complications in patients with AAAD.
| S-EPMC5728849 | biostudies-literature