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Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov., a new species pathogenic to Chinese Hickory (Carya cathayensis) in southeast China.

ABSTRACT: Crown decline and mortality associated with collar lesions were observed on Carya cathayensis (Chinese hickory) trees in a plantation in Zhejiang province, China. Examination of active lesions resulted in the isolation of a homothallic, papillate Phytophthora sp. Detailed morphological and physiological studies and phylogenetic analysis, using ITS, beta-tubulin, cytochrome oxidase I, and heat shock protein 90 gene regions, revealed that all isolates belonged to an undescribed species residing in phylogenetic Clade 4, which is described here as Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov. Inoculation trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions on C. cathayensis and C. illinoensis (pecan) plants to fulfill Koch postulates and hypothesize a possible pathway of the incursion. An existing report of a Phytophthora species with the same ITS sequence was reported on C. illinoensis from the USA in 2009. The difference in susceptibility of the two inoculated Carya species, and the report from the USA, suggest a possible introduction with plant material from the USA to China. Citation: Morales-Rodríguez C, Wang Y, Martignoni D, Vannini A (2020). Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov., a new species pathogenic to Chinese Hickory (Carya cathayensis) in southeast China. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 99-111. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.05.

SUBMITTER: Morales-Rodriguez C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8165965 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundDifferent from herbaceous plants, the woody plants undergo a long-period vegetative stage to achieve floral transition. They then turn into seasonal plants, flowering annually. In this study, a preliminary model of gene regulations for seasonal pistillate flowering in hickory (Carya cathayensis) was proposed. The genome-wide dynamic transcriptome was characterized via the joint-approach of RNA sequencing and microarray analysis.ResultsDifferential transcript abundance analysis uncovered the dynamic transcript abundance patterns of flowering correlated genes and their major functions based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. To explore pistillate flowering mechanism in hickory, a comprehensive flowering gene regulatory network based on Arabidopsis thaliana was constructed by additional literature mining. A total of 114 putative flowering or floral genes including 31 with differential transcript abundance were identified in hickory. The locations, functions and dynamic transcript abundances were analyzed in the gene regulatory networks. A genome-wide co-expression network for the putative flowering or floral genes shows three flowering regulatory modules corresponding to response to light abiotic stimulus, cold stress, and reproductive development process, respectively. Totally 27 potential flowering or floral genes were recruited which are meaningful to understand the hickory specific seasonal flowering mechanism better.ConclusionsFlowering event of pistillate flower bud in hickory is triggered by several pathways synchronously including the photoperiod, autonomous, vernalization, gibberellin, and sucrose pathway. Totally 27 potential flowering or floral genes were recruited from the genome-wide co-expression network function module analysis. Moreover, the analysis provides a potential FLC-like gene based vernalization pathway and an 'AC' model for pistillate flower development in hickory. This work provides an available framework for pistillate flower development in hickory, which is significant for insight into regulation of flowering and floral development of woody plants.

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Phytophthora cathayensis sp. nov., a new species pathogenic to Chinese Hickory (Carya cathayensis) in southeast China.

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