Design of synthetic human gut microbiome assembly and butyrate production.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Clark RL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8166853 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The ecological forces that govern the assembly and stability of the human gut microbiota remain unresolved. We developed a generalizable model-guided framework to predict higher-dimensional consortia from time-resolved measurements of lower-order assemblages. This method was employed to decipher microbial interactions in a diverse human gut microbiome synthetic community. We show that pairwise interactions are major drivers of multi-species community dynamics, as opposed to higher-order interactions. The inferred ecological network exhibits a high proportion of negative and frequent positive interactions. Ecological drivers and responsive recipient species were discovered in the network. Our model demonstrated that a prevalent positive and negative interaction topology enables robust coexistence by implementing a negative feedback loop that balances disparities in monospecies fitness levels. We show that negative interactions could generate history-dependent responses of initial species proportions that frequently do not originate from bistability. Measurements of extracellular metabolites illuminated the metabolic capabilities of monospecies and potential molecular basis of microbial interactions. In sum, these methods defined the ecological roles of major human-associated intestinal species and illuminated design principles of microbial communities.
| S-EPMC6011841 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over the course of human evolution, shifts in dietary practices such as meat-eating and cooking, have resulted in reduced fiber intake, a trend that has been exaggerated more recently in industrialized populations. Reduced fiber consumption is associated with a loss of gut microbial taxa that degrade fiber, particularly butyrate. Therefore, this dietary shift in humans may have altered the abundance of microbial genes involved in butyrate production. This study uses a gene-targeted alignment approach to quantify the abundance of butyrate production pathway genes from published wild nonhuman primate and human gut metagenomes. Surprisingly, humans have higher diversity and relative abundances of butyrate production pathways compared with all groups of nonhuman primates except cercopithecoids. Industrialized populations of humans also differ only slightly in butyrate pathway abundance from nonindustrialized populations. This apparent resilience of butyrate production pathways to shifts in human diet across both evolutionary and modern populations may signal an evolutionary shift in host-microbe interactions in humans that increased SCFA production. Such a shift could have contributed to meeting the increased energy requirements of humans relative to nonhuman primates.
| S-EPMC8763029 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We investigated the requirement of 15 human butyrate-producing gut bacterial strains for eight B vitamins and the proteinogenic amino acids by a combination of genome sequence analysis and in vitro growth experiments. The Ruminococcaceae species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Subdoligranulum variabile were auxotrophic for most of the vitamins and the amino acid tryptophan. Within the Lachnospiraceae, most species were prototrophic for all amino acids and several vitamins, but biotin auxotrophy was widespread. In addition, most of the strains belonging to Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., but few of the other Lachnospiraceae strains, were auxotrophic for thiamine and folate. Synthetic coculture experiments of five thiamine or folate auxotrophic strains with different prototrophic bacteria in the absence and presence of different vitamin concentrations were carried out. This demonstrated that cross-feeding between bacteria does take place and revealed differences in cross-feeding efficiency between prototrophic strains. Vitamin-independent growth stimulation in coculture compared to monococulture was also observed, in particular for F. prausnitzii A2-165, suggesting that it benefits from the provision of other growth factors from community members. The presence of multiple vitamin auxotrophies in the most abundant butyrate-producing Firmicutes species found in the healthy human colon indicates that these bacteria depend upon vitamins supplied from the diet or via cross-feeding from other members of the microbial community.IMPORTANCE Microbes in the intestinal tract have a strong influence on human health. Their fermentation of dietary nondigestible carbohydrates leads to the formation of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is the main fuel for the colonic wall and has anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. A good understanding of the growth requirements of butyrate-producing bacteria is important for the development of efficient strategies to promote these microbes in the gut, especially in cases where their abundance is altered. The demonstration of the inability of several dominant butyrate producers to grow in the absence of certain vitamins confirms the results of previous in silico analyses. Furthermore, establishing that strains prototrophic for thiamine or folate (butyrate producers and non-butyrate producers) were able to stimulate growth and affect the composition of auxotrophic synthetic communities suggests that the provision of prototrophic bacteria that are efficient cross feeders may stimulate butyrate-producing bacteria under certain in vivo conditions.
| S-EPMC7360928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dietary plant lignans are converted inside the gut to enterolignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL), which have several biological functions, and health benefits. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiome composition associated with enterolignan production using data from a cross-sectional study in the Japanese population. We identified enterolignan producers by measuring ED and EL levels in subject's serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enterolignan producers show more abundant proportion of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae than non-enterolignan producers. In particular, subjects with EL in their serum had a highly diverse gut microbiome that was rich in Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae. Moreover, we built a random forest classification model to classify subjects to either EL producers or not using three characteristic bacteria. In conclusion, our analysis revealed the composition of gut microbiome that is associated with lignan metabolism. We also confirmed that it can be used to classify the microbiome ability to metabolize lignan using machine learning approach.
| S-EPMC9697123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gut microbial dysbioses are linked to aberrant immune responses, which are often accompanied by abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines. As part of the Human Functional Genomics Project (HFGP), we investigate how differences in composition and function of gut microbial communities may contribute to inter-individual variation in cytokine responses to microbial stimulations in healthy humans. We observe microbiome-cytokine interaction patterns that are stimulus specific, cytokine specific, and cytokine and stimulus specific. Validation of two predicted host-microbial interactions reveal that TNF? and IFN? production are associated with specific microbial metabolic pathways: palmitoleic acid metabolism and tryptophan degradation to tryptophol. Besides providing a resource of predicted microbially derived mediators that influence immune phenotypes in response to common microorganisms, these data can help to define principles for understanding disease susceptibility. The three HFGP studies presented in this issue lay the groundwork for further studies aimed at understanding the interplay between microbial, genetic, and environmental factors in the regulation of the immune response in humans. PAPERCLIP.
| S-EPMC5131922 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human intestinal bacteria produce butyrate, which has signalling properties and can be used as energy source by enterocytes thus influencing colonic health. However, the pathways and the identity of bacteria involved in this process remain unclear. Here we describe the isolation from the human intestine of Intestinimonas strain AF211, a bacterium that can convert lysine stoichiometrically into butyrate and acetate when grown in a synthetic medium. Intestinimonas AF211 also converts the Amadori product fructoselysine, which is abundantly formed in heated foods via the Maillard reaction, into butyrate. The butyrogenic pathway includes a specific CoA transferase that is overproduced during growth on lysine. Bacteria related to Intestinimonas AF211 as well as the genetic coding capacity for fructoselysine conversion are abundantly present in colonic samples from some healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that protein can serve as a source of butyrate in the human colon, and its conversion by Intestinimonas AF211 and related butyrogens may protect the host from the undesired side effects of Amadori reaction products.
| S-EPMC4697335 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhile the composition of the gut microbiome has now been well described by several large-scale studies, models that can account for the range of microbiome compositions that have been observed are still lacking. One model that has been well studied in macro communities and that could be useful for understanding microbiome assembly is the competitive lottery model. This model posits that groups of organisms from a regional pool of species are able to colonize the same niche and that the first species to arrive will take over the entire niche, excluding other group members.ResultsHere, we examined whether this model also plays a role in the assembly of the human gut microbiome, defining measures to identify groups of organisms whose distribution across samples conforms to the competitive lottery schema. Applying this model to multiple datasets with thousands of human gut microbiome samples, we identified several taxonomic groups that exhibit a lottery-like distribution, including the Akkermansia, Dialister, and Phascolarctobacterium genera. We validated that these groups exhibit lottery-like assembly in multiple independent microbiome datasets confirming that this assembly schema is universal and not cohort specific. Examining the distribution of species from these groups in the gut microbiome of developing infants, we found that the initial lottery winner can be replaced by a different member of the group. We further found that species from lottery-like groups tend to have fewer genes in their genomes, suggesting more specialized species that are less able to engage in niche differentiation.ConclusionsCombined, our findings highlight the complex and dynamic process through which microbial communities assemble and suggest that different phylogenetic groups may follow different models during this process.
| S-EPMC6195700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that human gut microbiome plays an important role in variation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). However, specific causal mechanistic relationship of human gut microbiome with SMM remains largely unresolved. Understanding the causal mechanistic relationship may provide a basis for novel interventions for loss of SMM. This study investigated whether human gut microbiome has a causal effect on SMM among Chinese community-dwelling healthy menopausal women.MethodsEstimated SMM was derived from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We performed integrated analyses on whole-genome sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as available host SMM measurements among community-dwelling healthy menopausal women (N = 482). We combined the results with summary statistics from genome-wide association analyses for human gut microbiome (N = 952) and SMM traits (N = 28 330). As a prerequisite for causality, we used a computational protocol that was proposed to measure correlations among gut metagenome, metabolome, and the host trait to investigate the relationship between human gut microbiome and SMM. Causal inference methods were applied to assess the potential causal effects of gut microbial features on SMM, through one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, respectively.ResultsIn metagenomic association analyses, the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate was significantly associated with serum butyrate levels [Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) = 0.13, P = 0.02] and skeletal muscle index (SCC = 0.084, P = 0.002). Of interest was the finding that two main butyrate-producing bacterial species were both positively associated with the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of butyrate [Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (SCC = 0.25, P = 6.6 × 10-7 ) and Butyricimonas virosa (SCC = 0.15, P = 0.001)] and for skeletal muscle index [F. prausnitzii (SCC = 0.16, P = 6.2 × 10-4 ) and B. virosa (SCC = 0.17, P = 2.4 × 10-4 )]. One-sample MR results showed a causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.029 to 0.051, P = 0.003). Two-sample MR results further confirmed the causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0 to 0.13, P = 0.06).ConclusionsOur results may help the future development of novel intervention approaches for preventing or alleviating loss of SMM.
| S-EPMC8718076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The consumption of prebiotic fibers to modulate the human gut microbiome is a promising strategy to positively impact health. Nevertheless, given the compositional complexity of the microbiome and its inter-individual variances, generalized recommendations on the source or amount of fiber supplements remain vague. This problem is further compounded by availability of tractable in vitro and in vivo models to validate certain fibers. We employed a gnotobiotic mouse model containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiome (SM) in vivo, characterized a priori for their ability to metabolize a collection of fibers in vitro. This SM contains 14 different strains belonging to five distinct phyla. Since soluble purified fibers have been a common subject of studies, we specifically investigated the effects of dietary concentrated raw fibers (CRFs)-containing fibers from pea, oat, psyllium, wheat and apple-on the compositional and functional alterations in the SM. We demonstrate that, compared to a fiber-free diet, CRF supplementation increased the abundance of fiber-degraders, namely Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus and decreased the abundance of the mucin-degrader Akkermansia muciniphila. These results were corroborated by a general increase of bacterial fiber-degrading α-glucosidase enzyme activity. Overall, our results highlight the ability of CRFs to enhance the microbial fiber-degrading capacity.
| S-EPMC8267693 | biostudies-literature
Project description:UnlabelledThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron (Fe) availability on butyrate production in the complex bacterial ecosystem of the human gut. Hence, different Fe availabilities were mimicked in an in vitro colonic fermentation model (the polyfermenter intestinal model called PolyFermS) inoculated with immobilized gut microbiota from a child and in batch cultures of the butyrate producer Roseburia intestinalis. Shifts in the microbial community (16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR), metabolic activity (high-performance liquid chromatography), and expression of genes involved in butyrate production were assessed. In the PolyFermS, moderate Fe deficiency resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in butyrate production and a 5-fold increase in butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase gene expression, while very strong Fe deficiency significantly decreased butyrate concentrations and butyrate-producing bacteria compared with the results under normal Fe conditions. Batch cultures of R. intestinalis grown in a low-Fe environment preferentially produced lactate and had reduced butyrate and hydrogen production, in parallel with upregulation of the lactate dehydrogenase gene and downregulation of the pyruvate:ferredoxin-oxidoreductase gene. In contrast, under high-Fe conditions, R. intestinalis cultures showed enhanced butyrate and hydrogen production, along with increased expression of the corresponding genes, compared with the results under normal-Fe conditions. Our data reveal the strong regulatory effect of Fe on gut microbiota butyrate producers and on the concentrations of butyrate, which contributes to the maintenance of host gut health.ImportanceFe deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and can be corrected by Fe supplementation. In this in vitro study, we show that environmental Fe concentrations in a continuous gut fermentation model closely mimicking a child's gut microbiota strongly affect the composition of the gut microbiome and its metabolic activity, particularly butyrate production. The differential expression of genes involved in the butyrate production pathway under different Fe conditions and the enzyme cofactor role of Fe explain the observed modulation of butyrate production. Our data reveal that the level of dietary Fe reaching the colon affects the microbiome, and its essential function of providing the host with beneficial butyrate.
| S-EPMC4659462 | biostudies-literature