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An ABA-GA bistable switch can account for natural variation in the variability of Arabidopsis seed germination time.

ABSTRACT: Genetically identical plants growing in the same conditions can display heterogeneous phenotypes. Here we use Arabidopsis seed germination time as a model system to examine phenotypic variability and its underlying mechanisms. We show extensive variation in seed germination time variability between Arabidopsis accessions and use a multiparent recombinant inbred population to identify two genetic loci involved in this trait. Both loci include genes implicated in modulating abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity. Mutually antagonistic regulation between ABA, which represses germination, and gibberellic acid (GA), which promotes germination, underlies the decision to germinate and can act as a bistable switch. A simple stochastic model of the ABA-GA network shows that modulating ABA sensitivity can generate the range of germination time distributions we observe experimentally. We validate the model by testing its predictions on the effects of exogenous hormone addition. Our work provides a foundation for understanding the mechanism and functional role of phenotypic variability in germination time.

SUBMITTER: Abley K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8169117 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The NF-YC-RGL2 module integrates GA and ABA signalling to regulate seed germination in Arabidopsis.

Project description:The antagonistic crosstalk between gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism of such phytohormone interaction remains largely elusive. Here we show that three Arabidopsis NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y C (NF-YC) homologues NF-YC3, NF-YC4 and NF-YC9 redundantly modulate GA- and ABA-mediated seed germination. These NF-YCs interact with the DELLA protein RGL2, a key repressor of GA signalling. The NF-YC-RGL2 module targets ABI5, a gene encoding a core component of ABA signalling, via specific CCAAT elements and collectively regulates a set of GA- and ABA-responsive genes, thus controlling germination. These results suggest that the NF-YC-RGL2-ABI5 module integrates GA and ABA signalling pathways during seed germination.

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H2O2 mediates the regulation of ABA catabolism and GA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed dormancy and germination.

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Project description:As the most abundant and reversible chemical modification in eukaryotic mRNA, the epitranscriptomic mark N 6-methyladenine (m6A) regulates plant development and stress response. We have previously characterized that ALKBH10B is an Arabidopsis mRNA m6A demethylase and regulates floral transition. However, it is unclear whether ALKBH10B plays a role in abiotic stress response. Here, we found that the expression of ALKBH10B is increased in response to abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic, and salt stress. The alkbh10b mutants showed hypersensitive to ABA, osmotic, and salt stress during seed germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of several ABA response genes is upregulated in alkbh10b-1 than that of wild type, indicating ALKBH10B negatively affects the ABA signaling. Furthermore, m6A sequencing showed that ABA signaling genes, including PYR1, PYL7, PYL9, ABI1, and SnRK2.2 are m6A hypermethylated in alkbh10b-1 after ABA treatment. Taken together, our work demonstrated that ALKBH10B negatively modulates ABA response during seed germination in Arabidopsis.

| S-EPMC8353332 | biostudies-literature

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