Increased extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) reflects rapid non-cardiogenic oedema and mortality in COVID-19 associated ARDS.
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SUBMITTER: Rasch S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8169693 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundIn acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extravascular lung water index (EVLWi) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) measured by transpulmonary thermodilution reflect the degree of lung injury. Whether EVLWi and PVPI are different between non-COVID-19 ARDS and the ARDS due to COVID-19 has never been reported. We aimed at comparing EVLWi, PVPI, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in patients with COVID-19 ARDS vs. ARDS of other origin.MethodsBetween March and October 2020, in an observational study conducted in intensive care units from three university hospitals, 60 patients with COVID-19-related ARDS monitored by transpulmonary thermodilution were compared to the 60 consecutive non-COVID-19 ARDS admitted immediately before the COVID-19 outbreak between December 2018 and February 2020.ResultsDriving pressure was similar between patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS, at baseline as well as during the study period. Compared to patients without COVID-19, those with COVID-19 exhibited higher EVLWi, both at the baseline (17 (14-21) vs. 15 (11-19) mL/kg, respectively, p = 0.03) and at the time of its maximal value (24 (18-27) vs. 21 (15-24) mL/kg, respectively, p = 0.01). Similar results were observed for PVPI. In COVID-19 patients, the worst ratio between arterial oxygen partial pressure over oxygen inspired fraction was lower (81 (70-109) vs. 100 (80-124) mmHg, respectively, p = 0.02) and prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were more frequently used than in patients without COVID-19. COVID-19 patients had lower maximal lactate level and maximal norepinephrine dose than patients without COVID-19. Day-60 mortality was similar between groups (57% vs. 65%, respectively, p = 0.45). The maximal value of EVLWi and PVPI remained independently associated with outcome in the whole cohort.ConclusionCompared to ARDS patients without COVID-19, patients with COVID-19 had similar lung mechanics, but higher EVLWi and PVPI values from the beginning of the disease. This was associated with worse oxygenation and with more requirement of prone positioning and ECMO. This is compatible with the specific lung inflammation and severe diffuse alveolar damage related to COVID-19. By contrast, patients with COVID-19 had fewer hemodynamic derangement. Eventually, mortality was similar between groups.Trial registration number and date of registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04337983). Registered 30 March 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04337983 .
| S-EPMC8169440 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability and lung water induced by pulmonary inflammation may be related to altered lung compliance. A better understanding of the interactions between respiratory mechanics variables and lung water or capillary permeability would allow a more personalized monitoring and adaptation of therapies for patients with ARDS. Therefore, our main objective was to investigate the relationship between extravascular lung water (EVLW) and/or pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and respiratory mechanic variables in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. This is a retrospective observational study from prospectively collected data in a cohort of 107 critically ill patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS from March 2020 to May 2021. We analyzed relationships between variables using repeated measurements correlations. We found no clinically relevant correlations between EVLW and the respiratory mechanics variables (driving pressure (correlation coefficient [CI 95%]: 0.017 [-0.064; 0.098]), plateau pressure (0.123 [0.043; 0.202]), respiratory system compliance (-0.003 [-0.084; 0.079]) or positive end-expiratory pressure (0.203 [0.126; 0.278])). Similarly, there were no relevant correlations between PVPI and these same respiratory mechanics variables (0.051 [-0.131; 0.035], 0.059 [-0.022; 0.140], 0.072 [-0.090; 0.153] and 0.22 [0.141; 0.293], respectively). In a cohort of patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS, EVLW and PVPI values are independent from respiratory system compliance and driving pressure. Optimal monitoring of these patients should combine both respiratory and TPTD variables.
| S-EPMC10004335 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMorphine is commonly used in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) do not recommend the routine use of opioids in acute heart failure (AHF) due to dose-dependent side effects. However, the effect of morphine remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the link between morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and mortality.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2021. All studies were included (randomized, non-randomized, observational, prospective and retrospective). The references for all the articles were reviewed for potential articles of interest with no language restrictions. Studies looking at in-hospital mortality along with other outcomes were chosen. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to appraise the studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager Software version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014), by computing odds ratios (ORs) for pooled in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes.ResultsSix observational studies out of the 73 publications identified were eligible for the meta-analysis giving a total sample size of 152,859 (mean age 75, males 48%). Of these, four were retrospective analyses. The use of morphine in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema was associated with an increased rate of in-hospital mortality [OR = 2.39, confidence interval (CI) = 1.13 to 5.08, p = 0.02], increased need for invasive ventilation (OR = 6.14, CI = 5.84 to 6.46, p < 0.00001), increased need for non-invasive ventilation (OR = 1.85, CI = 1.45 to 2.36, p < 0.00001) and increased need for vasopressors/inotropes (OR = 2.93, CI = 2.20 to 3.89, p < 0.00001).ConclusionBased on the observational studies, morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is associated with worse outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm any causative effect of morphine on mortality rates in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.
| S-EPMC8966112 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prognostic value of extravascular lung water (EVLW) measured by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) in critically ill patients is debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effects of TPTD-estimated EVLW on mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsCohort studies published in English from Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1960 to 1 June 2021 were systematically searched. From eligible studies, the values of the odds ratio (OR) of EVLW as a risk factor for mortality, and the value of EVLW in survivors and non-survivors were extracted. Pooled OR were calculated from available studies. Mean differences and standard deviation of the EVLW between survivors and non-survivors were calculated. A random effects model was computed on the weighted mean differences across the two groups to estimate the pooled size effect. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 18 studies included (1296 patients), OR could be extracted from 11 studies including 905 patients (464 survivors vs. 441 non-survivors), and 17 studies reported EVLW values of survivors and non-survivors, including 1246 patients (680 survivors vs. 566 non-survivors). The pooled OR of EVLW for mortality from eleven studies was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.22; 2.34], p < 0.0015). EVLW was significantly lower in survivors than non-survivors, with a mean difference of -4.97 mL/kg (95% CI [-6.54; -3.41], p < 0.001). The results regarding OR and mean differences were consistent in subgroup analyses.ConclusionsThe value of EVLW measured by TPTD is associated with mortality in critically ill patients and is significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. This finding may also be interpreted as an indirect confirmation of the reliability of TPTD for estimating EVLW at the bedside. Nevertheless, our results should be considered cautiously due to the high risk of bias of many studies included in the meta-analysis and the low rating of certainty of evidence. Trial registration the study protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO: CRD42019126985.
| S-EPMC9258010 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) can detect pulmonary edema and it is under consideration to be added to updated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) criteria. However, it remains uncertain whether different LUS scores can be used to quantify pulmonary edema in patient with ARDS.ObjectivesThis study examined the diagnostic accuracy of four LUS scores with the extravascular lung water index (EVLWi) assessed by transpulmonary thermodilution in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS.MethodsIn this predefined secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized-controlled trial (InventCOVID), patients were enrolled within 48 hours after intubation and underwent LUS and EVLWi measurement on the first and fourth day after enrolment. EVLWi and ∆EVLWi were used as reference standards. Two 12-region scores (global LUS and LUS-ARDS), an 8-region anterior-lateral score and a 4-region B-line score were used as index tests. Pearson correlation was performed and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) for severe pulmonary edema (EVLWi > 15 mL/kg) was calculated.Results26 out of 30 patients (87%) had complete LUS and EVLWi measurements at time point 1 and 24 out of 29 patients (83%) at time point 2. The global LUS (r = 0.54), LUS-ARDS (r = 0.58) and anterior-lateral score (r = 0.54) correlated significantly with EVLWi, while the B-line score did not (r = 0.32). ∆global LUS (r = 0.49) and ∆anterior-lateral LUS (r = 0.52) correlated significantly with ∆EVLWi. AUROCC for EVLWi > 15 ml/kg was 0.73 for the global LUS, 0.79 for the anterior-lateral and 0.85 for the LUS-ARDS score.ConclusionsOverall, LUS demonstrated an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detection of pulmonary edema in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS when compared with PICCO. For identifying patients at risk of severe pulmonary edema, an extended score considering pleural morphology may be of added value.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04794088, registered on 11 March 2021. European Clinical Trials Database number 2020-005447-23.
| S-EPMC10545605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, early changes of plasma albumin (P-Alb) levels, and their effects on mortality in cardiogenic shock are unknown.Materials and methodsP-Alb was measured from serial blood samples in 178 patients from a prospective multinational study on cardiogenic shock. The association of hypoalbuminemia with clinical characteristics and course of hospital stay including treatment and procedures was assessed. The primary outcome was all-cause 90-day mortality.ResultsHypoalbuminemia (P-Alb < 34g/L) was very frequent (75%) at baseline in patients with cardiogenic shock. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had higher mortality than patients with normal albumin levels (48% vs. 23%, p = 0.004). Odds ratio for death at 90 days was 2.4 [95% CI 1.5-4.1] per 10 g/L decrease in baseline P-Alb. The association with increased mortality remained independent in regression models adjusted for clinical risk scores developed for cardiogenic shock (CardShock score adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.1-3.8], IABP-SHOCK II score adjusted odds ratio 2.5 [95%CI 1.2-5.0]) and variables associated with hypoalbuminemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio 2.9 [95%CI 1.2-7.1]). In serial measurements, albumin levels decreased at a similar rate between 0h and 72h in both survivors and nonsurvivors (ΔP-Alb -4.6 g/L vs. 5.4 g/L, p = 0.5). While the decrease was higher for patients with normal P-Alb at baseline (p<0.001 compared to patients with hypoalbuminemia at baseline), the rate of albumin decrease was not associated with outcome.ConclusionsHypoalbuminemia was a frequent finding early in cardiogenic shock, and P-Alb levels decreased during hospital stay. Low P-Alb at baseline was associated with mortality independently of other previously described risk factors. Thus, plasma albumin measurement should be part of the initial evaluation in patients with cardiogenic shock.Trial registrationNCT01374867 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
| S-EPMC6522037 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsNorepinephrine is recommended as a first-line vasopressor agent in the haemodynamic stabilization of cardiogenic shock. The survival benefit of norepinephrine therapy has not been demonstrated in clinical practice, however. This study aimed to explore the relationship between norepinephrine use and outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients in real-world conditions.Methods and resultsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Cardiogenic shock patients were enrolled and categorized into a norepinephrine group or a non-norepinephrine group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for confounders. Cox proportional-hazards models and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between norepinephrine treatment and mortality. A total of 927 eligible patients were included: 552 patients in the norepinephrine group and 375 patients in the non-norepinephrine group. After PSM, 222 cases from each group were matched using a 1:1 matching algorithm. Thirty day mortality for patients treated with norepinephrine was significantly higher than for those in the non-norepinephrine group (41% vs. 30%, OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.39, P = 0.017; HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09-2.06, P = 0.013). In the multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference between norepinephrine therapy and long-term (90 day, 180 day, or 1 year) mortality (90 day (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.82-1.74, P = 0.363), 180 day (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.80-1.70, P = 0.418), 1 year (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79-1.66, P = 0.477). Patients in the norepinephrine group required more mechanical ventilation (84% vs. 67%, OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.70-4.25, P < 0.001) and experienced longer ICU stays (median 7 vs. 4 days, OR 7.92, 95% CI 1.40-44.83, P = 0.020) than non-norepinephrine group.ConclusionsCardiogenic shock patients treated with norepinephrine were associated with significantly increased short-term mortality, while no significant difference was found on long-term survival rates. Future trials are needed to validate and explore this association.
| S-EPMC9065839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNon-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been used to treat respiratory distress due to acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPE). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis update on NPPV for adults presenting with ACPE.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NPPV compared to standard medical care (SMC) for adults with ACPE. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Important secondary outcomes were endotracheal intubation, treatment intolerance, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, rates of acute myocardial infarction, and adverse event rates.Search methodsWe searched CENTRAL (CRS Web, 20 September 2018), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1946 to 19 September 2018), Embase (Ovid, 1974 to 19 September 2018), CINAHL Plus (EBSCO, 1937 to 19 September 2018), LILACS, WHO ICTRP, and clinicaltrials.gov. We also reviewed reference lists of included studies. We applied no language restrictions.Selection criteriaWe included blinded or unblinded randomised controlled trials in adults with ACPE. Participants had to be randomised to NPPV (continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel NPPV) plus standard medical care (SMC) compared with SMC alone.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently screened and selected articles for inclusion. We extracted data with a standardised data collection form. We evaluated the risks of bias of each study using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool. We assessed evidence quality for each outcome using the GRADE recommendations.Main resultsWe included 24 studies (2664 participants) of adult participants (older than 18 years of age) with respiratory distress due to ACPE, not requiring immediate mechanical ventilation. People with ACPE presented either to an Emergency Department or were inpatients. ACPE treatment was provided in an intensive care or Emergency Department setting. There was a median follow-up of 13 days for hospital mortality, one day for endotracheal intubation, and three days for acute myocardial infarction. Compared with SMC, NPPV may reduce hospital mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.82; participants = 2484; studies = 21; I2 = 6%; low quality of evidence) with a number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 17 (NNTB 12 to 32). NPPV probably reduces endotracheal intubation rates (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.62; participants = 2449; studies = 20; I2 = 0%; moderate quality of evidence) with a NNTB of 13 (NNTB 11 to 18). There is probably little or no difference in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence with NPPV compared to SMC for ACPE (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.16; participants = 1313; studies = 5; I2 = 0%; moderate quality of evidence). We are uncertain as to whether NPPV increases hospital length of stay (mean difference (MD) -0.31 days, 95% CI -1.23 to 0.61; participants = 1714; studies = 11; I2 = 55%; very low quality of evidence). Adverse events were generally similar between NPPV and SMC groups, but evidence was of low quality.Authors' conclusionsOur review provides support for continued clinical application of NPPV for ACPE, to improve outcomes such as hospital mortality and intubation rates. NPPV is a safe intervention with similar adverse event rates to SMC alone. Additional research is needed to determine if specific subgroups of people with ACPE have greater benefit of NPPV compared to SMC. Future research should explore the benefit of NPPV for ACPE patients with hypercapnia.
| S-EPMC6449889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Thermal treatment is a controversial method to control sea lice in the Atlantic salmon farming industry. This study aimed to complement the growing evidence base to document the impact of thermal treatments on salmon welfare, behaviour, physiology and health. Here, fish were treated two times (four weeks apart) for 30 s in either 27, 30, or 33 °C warm water, and parameters were compared to a procedural control (exposed to their holding temperature of 14 °C) or a negative control (where no treatments were applied). The fish had a clear behavioural response to the warm water, despite low difference between treatment and holding temperature (Δt = 13, 16 or 19 °C). Eye damages were more prevalent in the warm water treated groups than in the controls. Little difference was recorded between treatment groups in their growth and condition factor, blood plasma values, organ health, and long-term coping ability. There was, however, a significant increase in mortality as a function of temperature after the first treatment (14 °C: 6.5%, 27 °C: 5.3%, 30 °C: 12.4% and 33 °C: 18.9% mortality). The first treatment was performed only two weeks after the fish had been tagged and moved into the experimental holding tanks, while the fish had been allowed to recover for four weeks without any handling before the second treatment. The group of fish that were not subjected to any treatments (the negative control) had no mortality throughout the entire experimental period.
| S-EPMC9309499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years, natural viewing settings with video presentation have been used in neurological and psychological experiments. However, the experienced cognitive load may differ among participants. In this study, we show that rapid serial blinks (RSB) can indicate temporally increased cognitive load with high temporal resolution. We proposed a method to create a personal criterion for respective participants by using empirical blink intervals. When we focused on more than four serial blinks (i.e., three inter-blink intervals), an increased number of RSB detect participants who felt hard to understanding, indicating a poor understanding of the subject matter. By contrast, a constant criterion across participants used in previous study could not detect participant's understanding. These results suggest that individual differences in cognitive trait of each participant may skew the results of experiments. To avoid biases, we recommend researchers to perform an operational check on individually different temporally increased cognitive loads among experimental groups.
| S-EPMC6886811 | biostudies-literature