Dataset Information

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey.

ABSTRACT: Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, patients, laboratories, public health centers/hospitals and, livestock and poultry farmers. Out of 516 respondents, 62.8% (324/516) were patients, 16.9% (87/516) were clinicians, 6.4% (33/516) were private drug dispensers. A significant proportion of patients (42.9%; 139/324) thought that fever could be treated with antibiotics. Majority (79%; 256/324) of the patients purchased antibiotics over the counter. The knowledge of antibiotics used among patients increased proportionately with the level of education: literate only [AOR = 1.4 (95% Cl = 0.6-4.4)], versus secondary education (8-10 grade) [AOR = 1.8 (95% Cl = 1.0-3.4)]. Adult patients were more aware of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotics over the counter was found high in this study. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to antibiotic among respondents showed significant gaps and need an urgent effort to mitigate such practice.

SUBMITTER: Rijal KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8172831 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey.

Rijal Komal Raj KR Banjara Megha Raj MR Dhungel Binod B Kafle Samarpan S Gautam Kedar K Ghimire Bindu B Ghimire Prabina P Dhungel Samriddh S Adhikari Nabaraj N Shrestha Upendra Thapa UT Sunuwar Dev Ram DR Adhikari Bipin B Ghimire Prakash P

Scientific reports 20210602 1

Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, p ...[more]

PMID: 34078956

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Project description:IntroductionPoultry production accounts for 42% of Cameroonian meat production. However, infectious diseases represent the main hindrance in this sector, resulting in overuse and misuse of antimicrobials that can contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to carbapenems (blaVIM-2 and blaNDM ), (fluoro) quinolones (qnrS, qnrA, and qnrB), polymyxins (mcr1 to mcr5), and macrolides (ermA and ermB) in the poultry farm environment. Additionally, the study examined the relationship between these ARGs and biosecurity implementation, as well as farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR, including their perception of AMR risk.Materials and methodsFecal, drinking water, and biofilm samples from drinking water pipelines were collected from 15 poultry farms and subsequently analyzed by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA NGS.ResultsAll samples tested positive for genes conferring resistance to (fluoro) quinolones, 97.8% to macrolides, 64.4% to polymyxins, and 11.1% to carbapenems. Of concern, more than half of the samples (64.4%) showed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern (i.e., resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Drinking water and biofilm microbial communities significantly differed from the one of the fecal samples, both in term of diversity (α-diversity) and composition (β-diversity). Furthermore, opportunistic pathogens (i.e., Comamonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae) were among the most abundant bacteria in drinking water and biofilm. The level of biosecurity implementation was intermediate, while the knowledge and attitude of poultry farmers toward AMU were insufficient and unsuitable, respectively. Good practices toward AMU were found to be correlated with a reduction in polymyxins and MDR.DiscussionThis study provides valuable information on resistance to medically important antimicrobials in poultry production in Cameroon and highlights their potential impact on human and environmental health.

Dataset Information

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey.

Publications

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey.

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