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Oxidative Potential of Particles at a Research House: Influencing Factors and Comparison with Outdoor Particles.

ABSTRACT: The oxidative potential (OP) of particles can be represented by the ability of particles to generate hydroxyl radicals in an aqueous solution which can be measured with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. The oxidative potential of particles may be a more health-relevant metric than other physicochemical properties of particles. While OP^EPR has been measured in several outdoor locations, it remains largely unstudied in indoor environments. Total suspended particle samples were collected at an unoccupied research house in eighteen four-day sampling events. The OP^EPR of indoor particles was found to be 59 % ± 30 % of the OP^EPR of outdoor particles on a sampling volume basis during normal indoor conditions in eight sampling events. However, OP^EPR per particle mass was 3.5 ± 0.62 times higher indoors than outdoors, indicating that reactions taking place indoors likely increase OP^EPR of indoor particles. In ten sampling events, indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), air change rate (λ), and cooking activities were varied. OP^EPR of indoor particles was found to be significantly influenced (in order of importance) by indoor RH, λ, and temperature. OP^EPR of indoor particles was higher than OP^EPR for outdoor particles when indoor RH and λ were increased. The presence of cooking activities did not appear to consistently increase OP^EPR of indoor particles.

SUBMITTER: Khurshid SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8174402 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:OBJECTIVES: To (1) investigate the relationships between students' characteristics and their (a) perceptions of research in general and (b) attitudes towards pharmacy practice research; (2) identify strategies that could be used by pharmacy educators to promote research interest in pharmacy practice; and (3) identify perceived barriers to the pursuit or completion of a pharmacy practice research degree. METHODS: A survey was administered to all students enrolled in each year of the four-year pharmacy undergraduate program, University of Sydney, Australia. Perceptions of research in general were measured using 4 items on a five-point semantic-differential scale and attitudes towards pharmacy practice research were measured using 16 items on a five-point Likert scale. Student characteristics were also collected as were responses to open-ended questions which were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: In total 853 students participated and completed the survey (83% response rate). Participants' characteristics were associated with some but not all aspects of research and pharmacy practice research. It appeared that positive attitudes and perspectives were influenced strongly by exposure to the 'research' process through projects, friends or mentors, previous degrees or having future intentions to pursue a research degree. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest positive attitudes and perceptions of research can be nurtured through the formal inclusion in research processes, particularly the utility of practice research in clinical practice across the four years of study. Participants indicated there was a lack of awareness of the needs, benefits and career opportunities associated with pharmacy practice research and voiced clear impediments in their career path with respect to the choice of practice research-related careers. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should investigate changes in perceptions and attitudes in a single cohort over the four-year degree, other factors influencing students' perceptions and attitudes, and evaluate the effectiveness of research promoting strategies and programs.

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Oxidative Potential of Particles at a Research House: Influencing Factors and Comparison with Outdoor Particles.

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