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An investigation of the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to ropivacaine on pain scores and hemodynamic changes following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

ABSTRACT: Postoperative pain control is recognized as a challenging surgical issue receiving high priority in the healthcare system, and opioids are routinely prescribed for anesthesia and pain relief. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ropivacaine administered intraperitoneally alone or combined with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl on postoperative pain control following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This randomized double-blind clinical trial recruited three equal-size block-randomized groups of patients (n = 138) scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Valiasr Hospital, Arak, Iran, in 2019-2020 who received ropivacaine (40 mL/0.5%), ropivacaine (40 mL/0.5%) + dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg), and ropivacaine (40 mL/0.5%) + fentanyl (1 μg/kg). No significant differences were observed among the three groups according to the vital signs (mean arterial pressure/heart-rate/oxygen saturation) in the study period and during surgery (P > 0.05). Lower pain was revealed in the ropivacaine + dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.001), with the lowest opioid dose in postoperative 24 hours (P = 0.001). Moreover, no clinically significant differences were observed in complications among the three groups (P = 0.483), and no patient developed ileus. Intraperitoneal ropivacaine administered with dexmedetomidine could relieve pain and reduce opioid use in postoperative 24 hours, without any complication and ileus. Therefore, intraperitoneal ropivacaine administered with dexmedetomidine is recommended for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (approval No. IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.267) on December 30, 2018 and was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No. IRCT 20141209020258N117) on July 13, 2019.

SUBMITTER: Modir H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8174407 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Despite the brevity of the procedure, bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement (BMT) can result in significant postoperative pain and discomfort. As the procedure is frequently performed without intravenous access, non-parenteral routes of administration are frequently used for analgesia. The current study prospectively compares the efficacy of intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine with IN fentanyl for children undergoing BMT.This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial included pediatric patients undergoing BMT. The patients were randomized to receive either IN dexmedetomidine (1 ?g/kg) or fentanyl (2 ?g/kg) after the induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane. All patients received rectal acetaminophen (40 mg/kg) and the first 50 patients also received premedication with oral midazolam. Postoperative pain and recovery were assessed using pediatric pain and recovery scales, and any adverse effects were monitored for.The study cohort included 100 patients who ranged in age from 1 to 7.7 years and in weight from 8.6 to 37.4 kg. They were divided into 4 groups with 25 patients in each group: (1) midazolam premedication+IN dexmedetomidine; (2) midazolam premedication+IN fentanyl; (3) no premedication+IN dexmedetomidine; and (4) no premedication+IN fentanyl. Pain scores were comparable when comparing groups 2, 3 and 4, but were higher in group 1 (midazolam premedication with IN dexmedetomidine). There was no difference in total time in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) or time from arrival in the PACU until hospital discharge between the 4 groups. The heart rate (HR) was significantly lower in group 3 when compared to the other groups at several different times after arrival to the PACU. No clinically significant difference was noted in blood pressure.Following BMT, when no premedication is administered, there was no clinical advantage when comparing IN dexmedetomidine (1 ?g/kg) to IN fentanyl (2 ?g/kg). The addition of oral midazolam as a premedication worsened the outcome measures particularly for children receiving IN dexmedetomidine.

Project description:Biliary diseases known since ages constitute major portion of digestive tract disorders world over. Among these cholelithiasis being the fore runner causing general ill health, thereby requiring surgical intervention for total cure. The study was undertaken in an attempt to compare the hemodynamic changes in patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using different intra-abdominal pressures created due to carbon dioxide insufflation. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the three groups in which different levels of intra-abdominal pressures (8-10 mmHg,11-13 mmHg and 14 mmHg and above) were maintained. The base line parameters monitored were heart rate, non invasive blood pressur(systolic and mean)and end tidal carbon dioxide. All the parameters were monitored at various intervals i.e. Immediately during insufflation, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min after CO2 insufflation and after every 10 min if surgery exceeds 30 min, at exsufflation,10 min after CO2 exsufflation. Patients were ventilated with Pedius Drager Ventilator keeping tidal volume 8-10 ml/kg and respiratory rate 12-14 breaths/min. During surgery patients were placed in reverse Trendlenburg position (head up) at 15 °. The results obtained were evaluated statistically and analyzed. Baseline characteristics were found to be comparable. Hemodynamic variables were reported as mean and standard deviation. Statistical significance among groups was evaluated using Analysis of Variance and unpaired student t test (two tailed). Inter-group comparisons were made using Bonferroni test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In all the three groups the mean heart rate (baseline 84.08?±?12.50, 87.96?±?15.73 and 86.92?±?17.00 respectively) increased during CO2 insufflation and the rise in heart rate continued till exsufflation after which it decreased and at 10 min after exsufflation the heart rates were comparable with the baseline. The inter-group comparison of mean heart rate between I & III was statistically significant at 10, 20, 30 min after CO2 insufflation which continued at exsufflation and 10 min after CO2 exsufflation [p?<?0.05]. The inter-group comparison between I & III showed statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure at 10, 20, 30 min after CO2 insufflation, at exsufflation and 10 min after exsufflation [p?=?0.0001] and mean arterial pressure at 5, 10, 20, 30 min after CO2 insufflation, at exsufflation and 10 min after exsufflation [p?=?0.0001]. Comparison between Group I and Group III & between Group II and Group III showed highly significant statistical difference in EtCO2 immediately after insufflation and the same trend was seen till the completion of surgery and even 10 min after exsufflation [p?=?0.001]. The conclusion drawn from the study was that laparoscopic cholecystectomy induces significant hemodynamic changes intraoperatively, the majority of pathophysiological changes are related to cardiovascular system and are caused by CO2 insufflation .A high intra-abdominal pressure due to CO2 insufflation is associated with more fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters and increased peritoneal absorption of CO2 as compared to low intraabdominal pressure so low pressure pneumoperitoneum is feasible for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and minimizes the adverse hemodynamic effects of CO2 insufflation.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic effects and might be beneficial if used as an adjuvant to: improve analgesia; modulate haemodynamic responses to intubation and pneumoperitoneum and; reduce the number of opioid-associated adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DEX infusion during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS:A randomized, single-centre, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study was carried out between May 2016 and June 2017. Adult patients (18-79 years) with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I-II were randomly assigned to 0.5 ?g/kg/h DEX infusion from induction of anaesthesia to extubation (Group D; n?=?30) or normal saline infusion (Group C; n?=?30). The primary efficacy outcomes were postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary efficacy outcomes included: time to first use of rescue analgesia; postoperative morphine consumption; intraoperative fentanyl consumption; time from end of surgery to extubation; lengths of intensive care unit (ICU) and general ward stay; degree of postoperative pain 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery; incidence of persistent post-surgical pain. RESULTS:DEX infusion was associated with a decrease in postoperative morphine consumption (p?=?0.001), lower incidence of severe postoperative pain (odds ratio [OR] 9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-77, p?=?0.04) and significantly longer time to first use of rescue analgesia (p?=?0.001). Group D also had significantly lower fentanyl consumption both intraoperatively (p?=?0.001) and in the time from end of surgery to extubation (p?=?0.001) plus decreased incidence of persistent post-surgical pain (OR 14.5, 95% CI 1.7-122, p?=?0.005). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower in Group D than Group C (OR 5, 95% CI 1.1-26, p?=?0.005). Median pain intensity did not differ between the groups 3, 6, 12 or 24 h after surgery and there were no inter-group differences in the lengths of ICU stay or overall hospital stay between groups. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in Group C (OR 13.8, 95% CI 4-48, p?<?0.0001); there were no inter-group differences in incidences of hypotension and bradycardia. CONCLUSIONS:Intraoperative DEX infusion is safe and effective for improving analgesia during and after elective LC. DEX appears to significantly reduce the number of patients with severe postoperative pain, postoperative morphine consumption and prolong time to first use of rescue analgesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov: Retrospectively registered on July 7, 2017, NCT03211871 .

Project description:BackgroundRopivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is used to treat postoperative pain. Adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia may prolong the duration of analgesia. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the duration and effect of ropivacaine alone vs. ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ropivacaine alone or ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine for regional anesthesia. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as the time from onset of the block to the time of the first analgesic request or initial pain report. Secondary outcomes were duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, consumption of sufentanil for analgesia, length of hospital stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.ResultsEighteen studies with 1148 patients were included. Overall quality of the RCTs, as assessed by the Jadad scale, was high. The meta-analysis demonstrated that ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia from local anesthetics compared to ropivacaine alone (WMD: 4.14h; 95%CI: 3.29~5.0h; P<0.00001; I2 = 99%). There was evidence of high heterogeneity between studies. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased, and consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in patients who received ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine compared to ropivacaine alone. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.ConclusionsCompared to ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and sensory and motor block, and reduced consumption of sufentanil for analgesia and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, across an array of surgeries.

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An investigation of the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to ropivacaine on pain scores and hemodynamic changes following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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