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Nitrate Transport and Distribution in Soybean Plants With Dual-Root Systems.

ABSTRACT: Nitrate absorbed by soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) roots from the soil can promote plant growth, while nitrate transported to nodules inhibits nodulation and nodule nitrogen fixation activity. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the inhibition of nodule nitrogen (N) fixation by characterizing the transport and distribution of nitrate in soybean plants. In this research, pot culture experiments were conducted using a dual root system of soybeans. In the first experiment, the distribution of ¹⁵N derived from nitrate was observed. In the second experiment, nitrate was supplied-withdrawal-resupplied to one side of dual-root system for nine consecutive days, and the other side was supplied with N-free solution. Nitrate contents in leaves, stems, petioles, the basal root of pealed skin and woody part at the grafting site were measured. Nitrate transport and distribution in soybean were analyzed combining the results of two experiments. The results showed that nitrate supplied to the N-supply side of the dual-root system was transported to the shoots immediately through the basal root pealed skin (the main transport route was via the phloem) and woody part (transport was chiefly related to the xylem). There was a transient storage of nitrate in the stems. After the distribution of nitrate, a proportion of the nitrate absorbed by the roots on the N-supply side was translocated to the roots and nodules on the N-free side with a combination of the basal root pealed skin and woody part. In conclusion, the basal root pealed skin and woody part are the main transport routes for nitrate up and down in soybean plants. Nitrate absorbed by roots can be transported to the shoots and then retranslocated to the roots again. The transport flux of nitrate to the N-free side was regulated by transient storage of nitrate in the stems.

SUBMITTER: Li S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8174562 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Enhancing the acquisition of belowground resources has been identified as an opportunity for improving soybean productivity worldwide. Root system architecture is gaining interest as a selection criterion in breeding programs for enhancing soil resource acquisition and developing climate-resilient varieties. Here we are presenting two novel characteristics of soybean root system architecture that improve aboveground growth and yield. Eleven selected soybean genotypes were tested under rain-fed conditions in 2019 and 2020 at two locations in South Carolina, in which one of the locations was characterized by compacted soils. The elite SC breeding line SC07-1518RR, exotic pedigree line N09-12854, and slow wilting line N09-13890 were superior genotypes in terms of biomass production, seed yield, and/or water use efficiency. Genotypes N09-12854 and N09-13890 demonstrated reduced root development (based on total root count and length), likely to restrict belowground growth and allocate more resources for shoot growth. This characteristic, which can be referred as a parsimonious root phenotype, might be advantageous for soybean improvement in high-input production systems (characterized by adequate fertilizer application and soil fertility) that exist in many parts of the world. Genotype SC07-1518RR exhibited a similar strategy: while it maintained its root system at an intermediate size through reduced levels of total root count and length, it selectively distributed more roots at deeper depths (53-70 cm). The increased root distribution of SC07-1518RR at deeper depths in compacted soil indicates its root penetrability and suitability for clayey soils with high penetration resistance. The beneficial root phenotypes identified in this study (parsimonious root development and selective root distribution in deeper depths) and the genotypes that possessed those phenotypes (SC07-1518RR, N09-12854, and N09-13890) will be useful for breeding programs in developing varieties for optimal, drought, and compacted-soil conditions.

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Nitrate Transport and Distribution in Soybean Plants With Dual-Root Systems.

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