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Palmitic acid mediated change of rhizosphere and alleviation of Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon.

ABSTRACT: Palmitic acid (PA) in root exudates or decaying residues can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases and promote the growth of some crop plants. However, the effects of PA on soil-borne pathogens and microbial communities are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of PA on overall watermelon microbial communities and the populations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fon). The effects of PA on the mycelial growth and spore production of Fon were tested in vitro, while its effects on Fon, total bacteria and total fungi populations, and microbial communities were evaluated in a pot experiment. The results revealed that all test concentrations of PA inhibited Fon mycelia growth and spore production. The pot experiment showed that 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA reduced Fon but increased total bacteria populations, and 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA 0.5 mM and 1 mM PA promoted the change to a soil type of bacteria soil. Meanwhile, 0.5 mM PA and 1 mM PA altered the community composition of the rhizosphere microorganisms and reduced the relative abundance of two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the two fungal OTUs that were significantly (p < 0.01) related with disease severity and increased that of four bacterial OTUs and the two fungal that were highly significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with the disease severity. These results suggest that application of PA decreased the populations of Fon, changed the rhizosphere microbial composition, reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt, and promoted the growth of watermelon.

SUBMITTER: Ma K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8176049 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt.

Project description:Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study, Trichoderma asperellum (T. asperellum) M45a was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against FW. In a pot experiment, the application of 105 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vines was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group, and transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) was significantly increased. Moreover, T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity, increased bacterial diversity and especially enhanced the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Trichoderma, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Actinomadura, and Rhodanobacter. Through functional prediction, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophs in the fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than that observed in the M45a-treated soil. Correlation analysis revealed that Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma had the most differences in terms of microorganism abundance, and these differences were positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT, and SC. These findings provide guidance for the use of fungicides to achieve microecological control of FW in continuously cropped watermelon plots.

| S-EPMC7584699 | biostudies-literature

Control of Fusarium wilt by wheat straw is associated with microbial network changes in watermelon rhizosphere.

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Effects of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities on Cucumber <i>Fusarium</i> wilt Disease Suppression.

Project description: Not available

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Deciphering microbial diversity associated with Fusarium wilt-diseased and disease-free banana rhizosphere soil.

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| S-EPMC6626388 | biostudies-literature

Wheat Intercropping Enhances the Resistance of Watermelon to <i>Fusarium</i> Wilt.

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| S-EPMC5980984 | biostudies-literature

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The Improved Biocontrol Agent, F1-35, Protects Watermelon against Fusarium Wilt by Triggering Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene Pathways.

Project description:Watermelon Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is one of the most important diseases, and has become a major limiting factor to watermelon production worldwide. Previous research has found that the improved biocontrol agent, F1-35, had a high control efficiency to watermelon Fusarium wilt. In this study, the control efficiency of F1-35 to watermelon Fusarium wilt was firstly tested, and the control efficiency was 61.7%. Then, we investigated the mode of action of F1-35 in controlling watermelon Fusarium wilt. Using a pairing assay, we found that F1-35 did not inhibit the normal growth of FON. To know more about the interaction between F1-35 and watermelon root, the protein expressions of roots after 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation were examined. A total of 1109 differentially expressed proteins were obtained. KEGG analysis found that the most differentially expressed proteins occurred in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and the MAPK signaling pathway to the plant. A further analysis of differentially expressed proteins showed that F1-35 triggered the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways in watermelon. To validate our results, the qRT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression levels of PAL, LOX1, and CTR1. The gene expression results showed that those genes, which were positive correlated with the JA pathway, were up-expressed, including PAL and LOX1, and the negative associated gene, CTR1, was down-expressed. In conclusion, the improved biocontrol agent, F1-35, improves the resistance of watermelons to FON by triggering the JA and ET pathways.

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Spatiotemporal biocontrol and rhizosphere microbiome analysis of Fusarium wilt of banana.

Project description:The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) causes Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), which devastates banana production worldwide. Biocontrol is considered to be the most efficient approach to reducing FWB. Here we introduce an approach that spatiotemporally applies Piriformospore indica and Streptomyces morookaensis strains according to their respective strength to increase biocontrol efficacy of FWB. P. indica successfully colonizes banana roots, promotes lateral root formation, inhibits Foc TR4 growth inside the banana plants and reduces FWB. S. morookaensis strain Sm4-1986 secretes different secondary compounds, of which xerucitrinin A (XcA) and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) show the strongest anti-Foc TR4 activity. XcA chelates iron, an essential nutrient in pathogen-plant interaction that determines the output of FWB. 6-PP, a volatile organic compound, inhibits Foc TR4 germination and promotes banana growth. Biocontrol trials in the field demonstrated that application of S. morookaensis lead to improvement of soil properties and increase of rhizosphere-associated microbes that are beneficial to banana growth, which significantly reduces disease incidence of FWB. Our study suggests that optimal utilization of the two biocontrol strains increases efficacy of biocontrol and that regulating iron accessibility in the rhizosphere is a promising strategy to control FWB.

| S-EPMC9834294 | biostudies-literature

Wheat straw increases the defense response and resistance of watermelon monoculture to Fusarium wilt.

Project description:BackgroundWheat straw is a rich resource worldwide. Straw return is an effective strategy to alleviate soil-borne diseases on monoculture watermelon. Previous studies focus on soil structure, physical and chemical properties; however, little is known about the molecular responses on host plant.ResultsNo significant difference on the population of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum race 1(Fon1) in rhizosphere soil was found between control (no addition of wheat straw) and the treated groups (addition of 1% (T1) or 2% (T2) wheat straw). RNA-Seq analysis showed that 3419 differentially expressed genes were clustered into 8 profiles. KEGG analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were involved in wheat straw induced response in monoculture watermelon. Genes in lignin biosynthesis were found to be upregulated, and the lignin and auxin contents were higher in T1 and T2 compared to the control. Lignin was also enriched and the Fon1 population decreased in watermelon roots treated with wheat straw. The enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase were increased.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the addition of wheat straw enhances the defense response to Fon1 infection in watermelon through increasing lignin and auxin biosynthesis.

| S-EPMC6907359 | biostudies-literature

Rotations with Indian Mustard and Wild Rocket Suppressed Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Disease and Changed Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities.

Project description:Crop monocropping usually results in an enrichment of soil-borne pathogens in soil. Crop rotation is an environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms, especially plant-beneficial microorganisms, play a major role in protecting plants from pathogens, but responses of these microorganisms to crop rotation remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotations with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen (FOC). Cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (an antifungal secondary metabolite) producer and FOC abundances were estimated by real-time PCR. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and cucumber rhizosphere FOC abundance. Crop rotations increased cucumber rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer abundances. Moreover, crop rotations changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition and increased bacterial community diversity. However, crop rotations decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content and inhibited cucumber seedling growth. Overall, rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, which might be linked to the increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity and abundances of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer).

| S-EPMC6407113 | biostudies-literature

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