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Isomeric anthracene diimide polymers.

ABSTRACT: N-type semiconducting polymers are attractive for organic electronics, but desirable electron-deficient units for synthesizing such polymers are still lacking. As a cousin of rylene diimides such as naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (PDI), anthracene diimide (ADI) is a promising candidate; its polymers, however, have not been achieved yet because of synthetic challenges for its polymerizable monomers. Herein, we present ingenious synthesis of two dibromide ADI monomers with dibromination at differently symmetrical positions of the ADI core, which are further employed to construct ADI polymers. More interestingly, the two obtained ADI polymers possess the same main-chain and alkyl-chain structures but different backbone conformations owing to varied linking positions between repeating units. This feature enables their different optoelectronic properties and film-state packing behavior. The ADI polymers offer first examples of conjugated polymer conformational isomers and are highly promising as a new class of n-type semiconductors for various organic electronics applications.

SUBMITTER: Tu D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8179385 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The coupling of substituted carbazole compounds through carbon-carbon bond formation upon one-electron oxidation is shown to be a highly versatile approach to the formation of redox polymer films. Although the polymerization of single carbazole units has been proposed earlier, we show that by tethering pairs of carbazoles double sequential dimerization allows for facile formation of redox polymer films with fine control over film thickness. We show that the design of the monomers and in particular the bridging units is key to polymer formation, with the diaminobenzene motif proving advantageous, in terms of the matching to the redox potentials of the monomer and polymer film and thereby avoiding limitations in film thickness (autoinsulation), but introduces unacceptable instability due to the intrinsic redox activity of this moiety. The use of a diimide protecting group both avoids complications due to p-diamino-benzene redox chemistry and provides for a redox polymer in which the photoluminescence of the bis-carbazole moiety can be switched reversibly (on/off) with redox control. The monomer design approach is versatile enabling facile incorporation of additional functional units, such as naphthalene. Here we show that a multicomponent carbazole/naphthalene containing monomer (APCNDI) can form redox polymer films showing both p- and n- conductivity under ambient conditions and allows access to five distinct redox states, and a complex electrochromic response covering the whole of the UV/vis-NIR spectral region. The highly effective quenching of the photoluminescence of both components in poly-APCNDI enables detailed characterization of the redox polymer films. The poly-APCNDI films show extensive charge trapping, which can be read out spectroscopically in the case of films and is characterized as kinetic rather than chemical in origin on the basis of UV/vis-NIR absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopic analyses. The strong resonantly enhanced Raman scattering for the various oxidized and reduced states of APCNDI enables nondestructive "read-out" of the state of the polymer, including that in which charges are trapped kinetically at the surface, making poly-APCNDI highly suitable for application as a component in organic nonvolatile memory devices.

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Isomeric anthracene diimide polymers.

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