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Analysis and Design of Social Presence in a Computer-Mediated Communication System.

ABSTRACT: Social presence, or the subjective experience of being present with another existing person, varies with the interaction medium. In general, social presence research has mainly focused on uni-directional aspects of each exchanged message, not on bidirectional interactions. Our primary purpose is to introduce such bidirectional evaluation by quantifying the degree of social presence with a few statistical measures. To this end, we developed a software called "TypeTrace" that records all keystrokes of online chat interactants and reenacts their typing actions and analyzed the results from different chat conditions, mainly focusing on the characterization of bi-directional interactions. We also compared the chat interaction patterns with the patterns from phone call datasets to investigate the difference of live communication in different media. The hypothesis of the experiment was that either richness or concurrency of communication is important for organizing social presence. Richness is defined by the variety of information at a time in communication and the concurrency is the number of temporal thread being processed at the same time. Our results show that when we merely increase the richness of information by presenting the typing process, the cognition of others' presence does not significantly increase. However, when the information concurrency is augmented by introducing the transmission of realtime text, we found that the transfer entropy between the interactants becomes considerably higher, and the social presence and emotional arousal, intimacy increased. High transfer entropy was also observed in the phone call dataset. This result shows that the mere augmentation of information richness does not necessarily lead to increased social presence, and concurrent communication is another critical factor for fostering vivid conversation in digital environments.

SUBMITTER: Kojima H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8180569 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundIndividuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) report fewer social contacts, less social participation, and more social isolation than noninjured peers. Cognitive-communication disabilities may prevent individuals with TBI from accessing the opportunities for social connection afforded by computer-mediated communication, as individuals with TBI report lower overall usage of social media than noninjured peers and substantial challenges with accessibility and usability. Although adaptations for individuals with motor and sensory impairments exist to support social media use, there have been no parallel advances to support individuals with cognitive disabilities, such as those exhibited by some people with TBI. In this study, we take a preliminary step in the development process by learning more about patterns of social media use in individuals with TBI as well as their input and priorities for developing social media adaptations.ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize how and why adults with TBI use social media and computer-mediated communication platforms, to evaluate changes in computer-mediated communication after brain injury, and to elicit suggestions from individuals with TBI to improve access to social media after injury.MethodsWe conducted a web-based survey of 53 individuals with a chronic history of moderate-to-severe TBI and a demographically matched group of 51 noninjured comparison peers.ResultsMore than 90% of participants in both groups had an account on at least one computer-mediated communication platform, with Facebook and Facebook Messenger being the most popular platforms in both groups. Participants with and without a history of TBI reported that they use Facebook more passively than actively and reported that they most frequently maintain web-based relationships with close friends and family members. However, participants with TBI reported less frequently than noninjured comparison participants that they use synchronous videoconferencing platforms, are connected with acquaintances on the web, or use social media as a gateway for offline social connection (eg, to find events). Of the participants with TBI, 23% (12/53) reported a change in their patterns of social media use caused by brain injury and listed concerns about accessibility, safety, and usability as major barriers.ConclusionsAlthough individuals with TBI maintain social media accounts to the same extent as healthy comparisons, some may not use them in a way that promotes social connection. Thus, it is important to design social media adaptations that address the needs and priorities of individuals with TBI, so they can also reap the benefits of social connectedness offered by these platforms. By considering computer-mediated communication as part of individuals' broader social health, we may be able to increase web-based participation in a way that is meaningful, positive, and beneficial to broader social life.

Project description:The current study aims to examine the discourse patterns and strategies of advice-seeking and advice-giving through Arabic computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the medical context. The contribution of this study lies in examining and analyzing the discourse patterns of CMC between patients and doctors in Arabic, how these patterns help doctors understand the advice sought and inquiries made by their patients, and how they help patients understand the comments made by their doctors on their inquiries. The data consist of 300 messages categorized into 150 advice-seeking (postings) and 150 advice-response (replies) messages. They were manually collected from a public medical website by copying and pasting them into an Excel spreadsheet for coding and statistical analyses. Two models were used to analyze the speech acts of advice. Morrow's model was used for advice-seeking, while Hinkel's taxonomy was used for advice responses, after some modifications were made to both models. The findings revealed that advice-seeking and advice-response messages had three parts: opening, middle, and closing. The study revealed that both patients and doctors used the opening and closing parts occasionally, unlike the middle part, which was used more often. For advice-seeking, describing the medical problem was the most frequent strategy used by patients when they asked for advice, followed by yes/no questions. These types of strategies were used in advice-seeking more frequently than others. Additionally, it was found that asking yes/no questions and describing the medical problem was the most frequent compound strategy used by patients seeking advice. However, for advice responses, the results revealed that giving clarification/information was the most frequent strategy used by doctors, followed by direct advice. When compared with other types, these two types were used frequently in the advice responses. The results also demonstrated that giving clarification/information and direct advice was the most frequent compound strategy used by doctors in advice responses.

Project description:Client-Server (C/S) application is always used in the existing Human Resource Management System (HRMS) as the system architecture, which has the problems of complex maintenance and poor compatibility; and cannot use professional database and development system, making the system development difficult and the data security low. To solve the above problems, the overall demand is analyzed, as well as feasibility and key technologies of the enterprise HRMS system. Then a HRMS is designed and developed, based on the user's key functional requirements and related technologies, which is reasonable and easy to maintain. The system is supported by Browser-Server (B/S) structure, with the current popular Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) multi-level structure as the overall architecture. The mature Microsoft SQL Server 2008 introduced by Microsoft is used as the database platform. Combined with Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern, this system can be used by users without geographical restrictions and system maintenance. In this system, performance logic and business logic are separated, which makes it convenient for the development and maintenance of the system. The system mainly includes six modules: personnel management, organizational management, recruitment management, training management, salary management and system management, which integrates enterprise information and realizes the functions of easy access and easy query of information database. Its interface is simple, easy to understand, and easy to operate, with low investment, low cost, high safety, good performance and easy maintenance, which help to improve the work efficiency and modern management level of enterprises. In the end, the operation performance of the system is tested. The results show that the throughput of the main functional modules in the system is greater than 100 times/s when dealing with the business, and the success rate of event processing is greater than 99%. The average response time of the business end is less than 0.4 s, and the average response time of the terminal side is less than 0.5 s, which all meet the standards. System CPU occupancy rate can be basically controlled below 30%, and memory usage rate is below 30%. In summary, the system designed here has the basic functions but also to ensure good performance, suitable for enterprise personnel management, organizational management, recruitment management, training management and salary management. The design and development of this system aims to provide technical support for the service quality of enterprise human resource management business, to improve the overall efficiency, promote the pace of enterprise strategic development, and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises.

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Analysis and Design of Social Presence in a Computer-Mediated Communication System.

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