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Enhanced Potassium-Ion Storage of the 3D Carbon Superstructure by Manipulating the Nitrogen-Doped Species and Morphology.

ABSTRACT: Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are attractive for grid-scale energy storage due to the abundant potassium resource and high energy density. The key to achieving high-performance and large-scale energy storage technology lies in seeking eco-efficient synthetic processes to the design of suitable anode materials. Herein, a spherical sponge-like carbon superstructure (NCS) assembled by 2D nanosheets is rationally and efficiently designed for K⁺ storage. The optimized NCS electrode exhibits an outstanding rate capability, high reversible specific capacity (250 mAh g^-1 at 200 mA g^-1 after 300 cycles), and promising cycling performance (205 mAh g^-1 at 1000 mA g^-1 after 2000 cycles). The superior performance can be attributed to the unique robust spherical structure and 3D electrical transfer network together with nitrogen-rich nanosheets. Moreover, the regulation of the nitrogen doping types and morphology of NCS-5 is also discussed in detail based on the experiments results and density functional theory calculations. This strategy for manipulating the structure and properties of 3D materials is expected to meet the grand challenges for advanced carbon materials as high-performance PIB anodes in practical applications.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8187550 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description: Not available

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Project description:Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are attractive as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries in emerging energy storage devices. However, a big challenge is to design advanced anode materials with fast charge/discharge and extended lifespan. Herein, a series of hollow N-doped carbon nanofibers (HNCNFs) were derived from polyaniline. As an anode for PIBs, HNCNFs exhibit an ultra-high rate capability of 139.7 mA h g-1 at 30 A g-1 and an ultra-long cycling life of 188.4 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 4000 cycles. These prominent performances can be ascribed to: (i) the enlarged interlayer spacing, which accommodates more K+ and larger (de)potassiation strain without fracture; (ii) the interconnected hollow nanofibers, which shorten ion diffusion distance and provide enough space to buffer volume change and sufficient electrolyte diffusion paths to ensure enhanced reaction efficiency of active materials; and (iii) high-content pyridinic/pyrrolic N-doping, which improves electrical conductivity, creates more active sites and enhances surface pseudocapacitive behavior, benefiting rapid K+ diffusion. This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy to fabricate high-performance PIB anode materials on a large scale.

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