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Purchasing under threat: Changes in shopping patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: The spreading of COVID-19 has led to panic buying all over the world. In this study, we applied an animal model framework to elucidate changes in human purchasing behavior under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Purchasing behavior and potential predictors were assessed in an online questionnaire format (N = 813). Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the role of individually Perceived Threat of COVID-19, anxiety related personality traits (trait-anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty) and the role of media exposure in predicting quantity and frequency of purchasing behavior. High levels of Perceived Threat of COVID-19 were associated significantly with a reported reduction in purchasing frequency (b = -.24, p < .001) and an increase in the quantity of products bought per purchase (b = .22, p < .001). These results are comparable to observed changes in foraging behavior in rodents under threat conditions. Higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty (b = .19, p < .001) and high extend of media exposure (b = .27, p < .001) were positively associated with Perceived Threat of COVID-19 and an increase in purchasing quantity. This study contributes to our understanding of aberrated human purchasing behavior and aims to link findings from animal research to human behavior beyond experimental investigations.

SUBMITTER: Schmidt S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8189441 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project description:BackgroundAn estimated 8 million people die every year due to tobacco use. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the health consequences of smoking, which is a leading risk factor for more severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and death. The pandemic has also led to reductions in physical activity, increases in stress and declines in mental well-being, all factors commonly associated with triggering higher tobacco use.MethodsUsing a longitudinal data set of purchasing behavior from 2019-2020 among a national sample of the Danish population (n = 4042), we estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis compares tobacco purchases prior to the pandemic to purchases during the pandemic, at the individual level. We also examine effects within subgroups based on smoking behavior in 2019 prior to the pandemic. We estimate effects for smokers and non-smokers and, within smokers, for occasional smokers and regular smokers.ResultsWe find large, sustained decreases in tobacco purchases during COVID-19. We estimate that weekly tobacco purchase rates decline by 24% and average quantities decline by 12% during the period spanning the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 through the end of the year. The declines are driven by regular smokers with little change in behavior among nonsmokers and increases in purchases among occasional smokers. Among regular smokers, purchase rates decline by about 30%, tobacco purchases decline by about 20% and quitting rates increase by about 10 percentage points.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to sustained reductions in smoking.

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Monkeypox: An emerging global threat during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project description:The emergence of the monkeypox outbreak in early 2022 has posed a new global health threat. As of July 8, 2022, 9069 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, and most of them are from non-endemic countries. The monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, and preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus belongs to the West African clade. In the current outbreak, human-to-human transmission has been the primary transmission mode. Although direct skin-to-skin contact with lesions during sexual activities can spread the virus, it remains unclear whether monkeypox can spread through sexual contact, specifically through contaminated body fluids. The typical presentation of monkeypox includes prodromal symptoms, followed by a rash that usually begins within 1-3 days of symptom onset, and the skin lesions can last for 2-4 weeks and then gradually resolve. However, the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 may exhibit atypical features. A definite diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection requires nucleic acid amplification testing via the polymerase chain reaction method. Supportive care is essential, and antiviral therapy is not considered for all affected patients, but recommended for those at highrisk for severe diseases. The mitigation of monkeypox outbreaks include enhanced case detection, case isolation, contact tracing, and post-exposure vaccination. In conclusion, the current monkeypox outbreak is a new threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of this new situation, which presents a different scenario from those of prior outbreaks. Global health systems should develop effective strategies to mitigate the spread of monkeypox.

| S-EPMC9352646 | biostudies-literature

Online grocery shopping before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analytical review.

Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to limit their physical interactions, which has led to explosive growth in online grocery shopping. However, there is no clear consensus in the retailing literature on whether consumers prefer to buy groceries online. The objective of this current study is to synthesize research about online grocery shopping published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop a conceptual framework about online grocery purchase intentions and their determinants, the mediation effects of consumers' attitudes, the moderating effects of COVID-19, and control variables. The meta-analysis presents data derived from 50 independent samples with a sample size of 20,538 respondents. Selected determinants were identified as triggers for online grocery purchase intentions, and perceived usefulness and consumer attitude were identified as important mediators between determinants and intentions. The findings clarify the mechanisms behind the increase in online grocery shopping during the pandemic by presenting a decrease in the importance of its strongest determinants (i.e., perceived usefulness and attitude). Based on these findings, we present contributions to theory, managerial implications, and future research directions.

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Increased generosity under COVID-19 threat.

Project description:In the face of crises-wars, pandemics, and natural disasters-both increased selfishness and increased generosity may emerge. In this paper, we study the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 threat and generosity using a four-year longitudinal dataset (N = 696,942) capturing real donations made before and during the pandemic, as well as allocations from a 6-month dictator game study (N = 1003 participants) during the early months of the pandemic. Consistent with the notion of "catastrophe compassion" and contrary to some prior research showing a tendency toward self-interested behavior under threat, individuals across both datasets exhibited greater financial generosity when their county experienced COVID-19 threat. While we find that the presence of threat impacted individual giving, behavior was not sensitive to threat level. Our findings have significant societal implications and advance our understanding of economic and psychological theories of social preferences under threat.

| S-EPMC8971415 | biostudies-literature

Nationwide Assessment of SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot State Communication Efforts During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Project description:ObjectiveTo conduct a nationwide assessment of communication by participating states and Washington DC about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Online Purchasing Pilot expansion.DesignSystematic coding of official communication from state and DC SNAP administrating agencies.ParticipantsForty-six states and DC approved to participate in the pilot as of October 2020 (n = 47). Data were collected from official SNAP administrating agency websites, state press releases, and state emergency coronavirus disease 2019 websites.Variables measuredFour domains were collected from communication materials: (1) program information, (2) retailer information, (3) health and nutrition information, and (4) communication accessibility.AnalysisQualitative content analysis, descriptive statistics.ResultsThirty-four (72%) states issued an official press release about the pilot that was easily accessible through online searches (15 available in multiple languages), 21 (45%) included information on their SNAP agency website, and 15 (32%) included information on their official coronavirus disease 2019 website. Most states identified authorized retailers (n = 37; 79%), provided information about pickup/delivery (n = 31; 66%), and stated the SNAP online start date (n = 29; 62%). About a quarter of states (n = 12; 26%) provided information about nutrition and health.Conclusions and implicationsState communication about the SNAP online pilot mostly focused on basic program and retailer information and included limited information about nutrition and health.

| S-EPMC8445848 | biostudies-literature

Utilizing SEM-RFC to predict factors affecting online shopping cart abandonment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Project description:Online shopping has accelerated during to the pandemic and an increase in online shopping cart abandonment (SCA) was also evident. The growth of online shopping is contributed by the rising middle class, high consumer spending, millennials, and a tech-savvy population which is valuable to the growth of e-commerce. This study aimed to predict the factors that affect SCA during the COVID-19 Pandemic utilizing the SEM-RFC hybrid. Several factors such as self-efficacy, attribute conflicts, hesitation at checkout, emotional ambivalence, choice process satisfaction, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were analyzed simultaneously. This study integrated the cognition-affect-behavior paradigm with the Theory of Planned Behavior to provide a conceptual framework measured through an online survey questionnaire answered by 1015 valid responses collected by convenience sampling. Results showed that Attitude, Attribute Conflict, Self-Efficacy, and Emotional Ambivalence are the primary significant factors affecting SCA. Amidst the pandemic, consumers still value the ease of use, convenience and safety of the mobile online shopping applications that they have, which they do not positively experience at this time. The findings of this study may be applied and extended by researchers, online retailers, and businesses to understand consumer's abandonment intentions. Moreover, the results and framework of this study may be capitalized on by the business sector to create marketing strategies and develop business models for a sustainable online shopping business worldwide. Online shopping; Random forest classifier; Structural equation modeling; Shopping cart abandonment.

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