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Surface plasma with an inkjet-printed patterned electrode for low-temperature applications.

ABSTRACT: The global health crisis caused by the recent pandemic has led to increasing social demand for 'new normal' sanitizing and disinfecting facilities to fit our 'new normal' lives. Here, we introduce an inkjet-printed, thin-film plasma source applicable to dry disinfection processes. In contrast to conventional plasma reactors, the merits of plasma produced on a film include disposability, cost-effectiveness, and applicability to high-dimensional objects such as the human body. The developed flexible plasma film can be applied to a wide variety of shapes via origami-remaining plasma stable even when bent. However, electrode degradation has been a practical issue in the long-term operation of inkjet-printed plasma sources, which is troublesome from application perspectives. We focus on making the inkjet-printed electrode more plasma stress-resistant, thereby increasing its lifespan from a few minutes to two hours of continuous operation with optimal inkjet printing and passivation, thus increasing the practicality of the source. Considering the fact that ozone and nitrogen oxides are selectively produced by plasma, we implement a disposable pouch-type plasma source and examine its usefulness in extending the shelf life of food.

SUBMITTER: Kim J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8190151 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Low temperature atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide for inkjet printed transistor applications.

Project description:We report the growth of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a high-k gate dielectric for an inkjet-printed transistor using a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) from tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium (TDMAZr) and water precursors. All the samples are deposited at low-temperature ranges of 150-250 °C. The films are very uniform with RMS roughness less than 4% with respect to their thickness. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows a significant change in surface morphology from tapered posts to undulating mountain-like structures with several hundreds of ALD cycles. The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibit an amorphous to the crystalline structure with temperature variation, which is independent of the thickness of the films. All our samples are hydrophilic as contact angles are less than 90°. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G p/ω-V) characteristics of ZrO2 dielectrics for silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are studied for different temperatures. For the n-type substrate MOS capacitors, the dielectric constants are estimated to be 7.5-11. Due to the low deposition temperature, a hydrophilic surface, and high k value, the ALD-ZrO2 dielectric can be compatible for printed transistors. The processes of fabrication and characterization of inkjet-printed graphene transistors is demonstrated using the ZrO2 dielectric. The possible solvents, surfactant, and the dielectric induced modifications in graphene flakes are demonstrated by Raman spectra. The graphene flakes spread uniformly on the ZrO2 surface. The functional inkjet-printed graphene transistor characteristics are demonstrated to illustrate the field effect behavior with the ALD-ZrO2 dielectric.

| S-EPMC9059772 | biostudies-literature

Effects of Curing Temperature on Bending Durability of Inkjet-Printed Flexible Silver Electrode.

Project description:Flexible electrodes should have a good mechanical durability and electrical properties under even extreme bending and deformation conditions. We fabricated such an electrode using an inkjet printing system. In addition, annealing was perfo3rmed under curing temperatures of 150, 170, and 190 °C to improve the electrical resistance performance of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, and surface profile measurements were performed to measure and analyze the electrode characteristics and the change in the shape of the coffee ring. The bending deformation behavior of the electrode was predicted by simulations. To confirm the bending durability of the flexible electrode according to different curing temperatures, the bending deformation and electrical resistance were simultaneously tested. It was found that the electrode cured at a temperature of 170 °C could endure 20,185 bending cycles and had the best durability, which was consistent with the predicted simulation results. Moreover, the average specific resistance before the electrode was disconnected was 13.45 μΩ cm, which is similar to the conventional electrode value. These results are expected to increase the durability and life of flexible electrodes, which can be used in flexible electronic devices, sensors, and wearable devices that are subjected to significant bending deformation.

| S-EPMC7763182 | biostudies-literature

Improved de-inking of inkjet-printed paper using environmentally friendly atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma for paper recycling.

Project description:Nowadays, due to environmental pollution and natural energy consumption caused by waste paper, many researches are being conducted on the reuse of printed-paper. To recycle the paper, de-inking has to be performed. In this article, in order to reduce the use of the commonly used de-inking chemicals, the effect of an atmospheric pressure helium plasma treatment on the de-inking enhancement of printed-paper is studied. Through colorimeter and UV-visible spectrometer measurements the plasma treatment is shown to speed up the de-inking. While SEM observations and FTIR measurements suggest that the paper quality is retained upon plasma treatment, the increase of surface hydrophilicity measured by water contact angle measurements, compared to non-treated paper, is believed to enhance the fiber swelling of the paper and lead to a faster ink removal.

| S-EPMC6773741 | biostudies-literature

Inkjet Printable Polydimethylsiloxane for All-Inkjet-Printed Multilayered Soft Electrical Applications.

Project description:In recent years, additive manufacturing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has gained interest for the development of soft electronics. To build complex electrical devices, fabrication of multilayered structures is required. We propose here a straightforward digital printing fabrication process of silicone rubber-based, multilayered electronics. An inkjet-printable PDMS solution was developed for the digital patterning of elastomeric structures. The silicone ink was used together with a highly conductive silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) ink for the fabrication of all-inkjet-printed multilayered electrical devices. The application of the multilayered circuit board was successful. The sheet resistances were below 0.3 ?/?, and the conductive layer thickness was less than 1 ?m. The electrical insulation between the conductive layers was done by printing a 20-25 ?m-thick dielectric PDMS layer selectively on top of the bottommost conductive layer.

| S-EPMC7145287 | biostudies-literature

Planar patterned stretchable electrode arrays based on flexible printed circuits.

Project description:For stretchable electronics to achieve broad industrial application, they must be reliable to manufacture and must perform robustly while undergoing large deformations. We present a new strategy for creating planar stretchable electronics and demonstrate one such device, a stretchable microelectrode array based on flex circuit technology. Stretchability is achieved through novel, rationally designed perforations that provide islands of low strain and continuous low-strain pathways for conductive traces. This approach enables the device to maintain constant electrical properties and planarity while undergoing applied strains up to 15%. Materials selection is not limited to polyimide composite devices and can potentially be implemented with either soft or hard substrates and can incorporate standard metals or new nano-engineered conductors. By using standard flex circuit technology, our planar microelectrode device achieved constant resistances for strains up to 20% with less than a 4% resistance offset over 120,000 cycles at 10% strain.

| S-EPMC3826909 | biostudies-other

Inkjet-printed stretchable and low voltage synaptic transistor array.

Project description:Wearable and skin electronics benefit from mechanically soft and stretchable materials to conform to curved and dynamic surfaces, thereby enabling seamless integration with the human body. However, such materials are challenging to process using traditional microelectronics techniques. Here, stretchable transistor arrays are patterned exclusively from solution by inkjet printing of polymers and carbon nanotubes. The additive, non-contact and maskless nature of inkjet printing provides a simple, inexpensive and scalable route for stacking and patterning these chemically-sensitive materials over large areas. The transistors, which are stable at ambient conditions, display mobilities as high as 30?cm2?V-1 s-1 and currents per channel width of 0.2?mA?cm-1 at operation voltages as low as 1?V, owing to the ionic character of their printed gate dielectric. Furthermore, these transistors with double-layer capacitive dielectric can mimic the synaptic behavior of neurons, making them interesting for conformal brain-machine interfaces and other wearable bioelectronics.

| S-EPMC6582140 | biostudies-literature

Experimental Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Stretchable Circuits for Wearable Sensor Applications.

Project description:This paper introduces a cost-effective method for the fabrication of stretchable circuits on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using inkjet printing of silver nanoparticle ink. The fabrication method, presented here, allows for the development of fully stretchable and wearable sensors. Inkjet-printed sinusoidal and horseshoe patterns are experimentally characterized in terms of the effect of their geometry on stretchability, while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity. The optimal fabricated circuit, with a horseshoe pattern at an angle of 45°, is capable of undergoing an axial stretch up to a strain of 25% with a resistance under 800 ?. The conductivity of the circuit is fully reversible once it is returned to its pre-stretching state. The circuit could also undergo up to 3000 stretching cycles without exhibiting a significant change in its conductivity. In addition, the successful development of a novel inkjet-printed fully stretchable and wearable version of the conventional pulse oximeter is demonstrated. Finally, the resulting sensor is evaluated in comparison to its commercially available counterpart.

| S-EPMC6210026 | biostudies-literature

Inkjet-Printed Silver Nanowire Ink for Flexible Transparent Conductive Film Applications.

Project description:The development of flexible transparent conductive electrodes has been considered as a key issue in realizing flexible functional electronics. Inkjet printing provides a new opportunity for the manufacture of FFE due to simple process, cost-effective, environmental friendliness, and digital method to circuit pattern. However, obtaining high concentration of inkjet- printed silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive ink is a great challenge because the high aspect ratio of AgNWs makes it easy to block the jetting nozzle. This study provides an inkjet printing AgNWs conductive ink with low viscosity and high concentration of AgNWs and good printing applicability, especially without nozzle blockage after printing for more than 4 h. We discussed the effects of the components of the ink on surface tension, viscosity, contact angle as well as droplet spreading behavior. Under the optimized process and formulation of ink, flexible transparent conductive electrode with a sheet resistance of 32 Ω·sq-1-291 nm·sq-1 and a transmittancy at 550 nm of 72.5-86.3% is achieved. We investigated the relationship between the printing layer and the sheet resistance and the stability of the sheet resistance under a bending test as well as the infrared thermal response of the AgNWs-based flexible transparent conductive electrode. We successfully printed the coupling electrodes and demonstrated the excellent potential of inkjet-printed AgNWs-based flexible transparent conductive electrode for developing flexible functional electronics.

| S-EPMC8912571 | biostudies-literature

Electrically Conductive, Reduced Graphene Oxide Structures Fabricated by Inkjet Printing and Low Temperature Plasma Reduction.

Project description:Here, an environmentally-friendly and scalable process is reported to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) thin films for printed electronics applications. The films are produced by inkjet printing GO flakes dispersed binder-free in aqueous solutions followed by treatment with a nonthermal, radio-frequency (RF) plasma containing only argon (Ar) gas. The plasma process is found to heat the substrate to temperatures no greater than 138 °C, enabling RGO to be printed directly on a wide range of temperature-sensitive substrate materials including photo paper. Unlike other low-temperature methods such as electrochemical reduction, plasma reduction is friendly to moisture absorbent materials. Moreover, the plasma treatment can be performed on nonconducting substrates, eliminating the need for film transfer. From an applications perspective, the printed, plasma-reduced RGO exhibits excellent electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. As a technology demonstrator, the working electrodes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors fabricated from plasma-reduced GO show a sensitivity of 277 ± 80 μA mm-1 cm-2, which is comparable to RGO working electrodes made by electrochemical reduction.

| S-EPMC8849540 | biostudies-literature

Inkjet-Printed Graphene/PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors on a Skin-Conformable Polyurethane Substrate.

Project description:Epidermal electronic systems (EESs) are skin-like electronic systems, which can be used to measure several physiological parameters from the skin. This paper presents materials and a simple, straightforward fabrication process for skin-conformable inkjet-printed temperature sensors. Epidermal temperature sensors are already presented in some studies, but they are mainly fabricated using traditional photolithography processes. These traditional fabrication routes have several processing steps and they create a substantial amount of material waste. Hence utilizing printing processes, the EES may become attractive for disposable systems by decreasing the manufacturing costs and reducing the wasted materials. In this study, the sensors are fabricated with inkjet-printed graphene/PEDOT:PSS ink and the printing is done on top of a skin-conformable polyurethane plaster (adhesive bandage). Sensor characterization was conducted both in inert and ambient atmosphere and the graphene/PEDOT:PSS temperature sensors (thermistors) were able reach higher than 0.06% per degree Celsius sensitivity in an optimal environment exhibiting negative temperature dependence.

| S-EPMC5082757 | biostudies-literature

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