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2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy.

ABSTRACT: Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4-1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.

SUBMITTER: de'Angelis N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8190978 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background and aimsAcute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common causes of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is still challenging and some controversies on its management are still present among different settings and practice patterns worldwide. In July 2015, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) organized in Jerusalem the first consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of AA in adult patients with the intention of producing evidence-based guidelines. An updated consensus conference took place in Nijemegen in June 2019 and the guidelines have now been updated in order to provide evidence-based statements and recommendations in keeping with varying clinical practice: use of clinical scores and imaging in diagnosing AA, indications and timing for surgery, use of non-operative management and antibiotics, laparoscopy and surgical techniques, intra-operative scoring, and peri-operative antibiotic therapy.MethodsThis executive manuscript summarizes the WSES guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AA. Literature search has been updated up to 2019 and statements and recommendations have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. The statements were voted, eventually modified, and finally approved by the participants to the consensus conference and by the board of co-authors, using a Delphi methodology for voting whenever there was controversy on a statement or a recommendation. Several tables highlighting the research topics and questions, search syntaxes, and the statements and the WSES evidence-based recommendations are provided. Finally, two different practical clinical algorithms are provided in the form of a flow chart for both adults and pediatric (< 16 years old) patients.ConclusionsThe 2020 WSES guidelines on AA aim to provide updated evidence-based statements and recommendations on each of the following topics: (1) diagnosis, (2) non-operative management for uncomplicated AA, (3) timing of appendectomy and in-hospital delay, (4) surgical treatment, (5) intra-operative grading of AA, (6) ,management of perforated AA with phlegmon or abscess, and (7) peri-operative antibiotic therapy.

Project description:BackgroundBile duct injuries (BDI) can occur after a cholecystectomy procedure performed by any surgeons. These ensured a poor experience for patients and surgeons and marred the minimally invasive surgery approach, which should have promised rapid recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the management of BDI following cholecystectomy procedure in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, as a tertiary hospital.MethodDescriptive retrospective cross-sectional design was used on open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed between January 2008 and December 2018. This study is reported in line with STROCSS 2019 Criteria.ResultA total of 24 patients with BDI were included, with female preponderance (62,5%) with a median age 45 (21-58) years. Sixteen post-laparoscopy cases were classified according to Strasberg classification; 6 cases were type E3, 2 cases each of type E1 and E2, and one case each of Strasberg C and D. The remaining 4 were Strasberg A. Eight post-open cases were classified based on Bismuth criteria: 4 cases of Bismuth I, 1 case of Bismuth II, and 3 cases of Bismuth III. Five cases were presented with massive biloma, 7 with jaundice, and 10 cases with biliary-pancreatic fluid production through the surgical drain. The average time of problem recognition to patient's admission was 19 (7-152) days and admission to surgery was 14 days. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 18 cases, choledocho-duodenostomy in 2 cases, and primary ligation cystic duct in 4 cases. Post-operative follow-up showed 2 patients had recurrent cholangitis, 2 superficial surgical site infection, and 2 relaparotomy due to bile anastomosis leakage and burst abdomen. The median length of hospital stay was 38 (14-53) days with zero hospital mortality. No stricture detected in long term follow-up.ConclusionCommon bile duct was the most frequent site of BDI, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction performed by HPB surgeons on high volume center results in a good outcome.

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2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy.

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