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Effects of Organic Polymer Compound Material on K⁺ and Na⁺ Distribution and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Under Saline and Alkaline Stresses.

ABSTRACT: Soil salinization and alkalization greatly restrict crop growth and yield. In this study, NaCl (8 g kg^-1) and Na₂CO₃ (8 g kg^-1) were used to create saline stress and alkaline stress on cotton in pot cultivation in the field, and organic polymer compound material (OPCM) and stem girdling were applied before cotton sowing and at flowering and boll-forming stage, respectively, aiming to determine the effects of OPCM on K⁺ and Na⁺ absorption and transport and physiological characteristics of cotton leaf and root. The results showed that after applying the OPCM, the Na⁺ content in leaf of cotton under saline stress and alkaline stress were decreased by 7.72 and 6.49%, respectively, the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in leaf were increased by 5.65 and 19.10%, respectively, the Na⁺ content in root were decreased by 9.57 and 0.53%, respectively, the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in root were increased by 65.77 and 55.84%, respectively, and the transport coefficients of K⁺ and Na⁺ from leaf to root were increased by 39.59 and 21.38%, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) in cotton leaf were significantly increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased; but the changes in those in root were not significant. The boll weights were increased by 11.40 and 13.37%, respectively, compared with those for the control. After stem girdling, the application of OPCM still promoted the ion transport of cotton organs; moreover, the CAT activity in root was increased by 25.09% under saline stress, and the SOD activity in leaf and CAT in root were increased by 42.22 and 6.91%, respectively under alkaline stress. Therefore, OPCM can significantly change the transport of K⁺ and Na⁺ to maintain the K⁺ and Na⁺ homeostasis in leaf and root, and regulate physiological and biochemical indicators to alleviate the stress-induced damage. Besides, the regulation effect of OPCM on saline stress was better than that on alkaline stress.

SUBMITTER: Wang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8194489 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Oilseed rape not only has the function of improve saline and alkaline soils, but also alleviate the local feed shortage. However, medium- and high-degree soil salinization and alkalinization always inhibit the growth of oilseed rape. Studies have shown that compound material can improve the tolerance to saline and alkaline stress of crops, but the difference in the regulation mechanism of compound material on oilseed rape in saline and alkaline soils is not clear. This study explored the difference through determining the leaf ion contents, physiological indexes, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of oilseed rape in salinized soil (NaCl 8 g kg-1) and alkalinized soil (Na2CO3 8 g kg-1) at full flowering stage, respectively after the application of compound material. The results showed that in salinized and alkalinized soil, the compound material upregulated the genes related to the regulation of potassium ion transport, and changed the amino acid metabolic pathway, which reduced the contents of Na+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and relative conductivity (REC) in leaves, and increased the contents of K+ and Mg2+ and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, there were differences in the regulation mechanism of compound material in salinized and alkalinized soil. In salinized soil, the compound material improved the tolerance of oilseed rape to saline stress by upregulating transcription factors mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GPMM) and Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (GFPT) and downregulating phosphomannomutase (PMM) to change nucleotide metabolism pathway and lipid metabolism pathway. In alkalized soil, the compound material improved the tolerance of oilseed rape to alkaline stress by upregulating transcription factors Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) to change the biosynthesis pathway of other secondary metabolites. Therefore, the compound material can improve the tolerance of oilseed rape to saline and alkaline stress by regulating the genetic adaptability and apparent plasticity, but the mechanisms were different. This study provides a practical method for the ecological environment restoration and the development of animal husbandry.

Project description:To better understand the mechanism of salt tolerance, we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt-alkali stress. Cotton was exposed to the soil salt and alkali stresses, NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3 + NaHCO3, in a pot study. Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content. The REC in leaves was higher under salt stress than under alkali stress, but the effects on Pro were in the order Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 > NaCl > Na2SO4. Principal component analysis showed a significant difference in ion composition under the different types of salt-alkali stress. Under the three types of salt-alkali stress, concentrations of Na and Mo increased significantly in different organs of cotton plants. Under NaCl stress, the absorption of Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Mo. Under Na2SO4 stress, the absorption of P and Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Co. Under Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co. The relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in leaves increased significantly under salt stress but decreased under alkali stress. These results suggest that cotton is well-adapted to salt-alkali stress via the antioxidant enzyme system, adjustment of osmotic substances, and reconstruction of ionic equilibrium; neutral salt stress primarily disrupts the ion balance, whereas alkali stress decreases the ability to regulate Na and inhibits the absorption of mineral elements, as well as disrupts the ion balance; and the changes in the expression of salt tolerance-related genes may partially explain the accumulation of Na ions in cotton under salt-alkali stress.

Project description:BackgroundSalinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by soil salinity. Use of nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stress conditions, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare.ResultsWe found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton tolerance to salinity, showing better phenotypic performance, higher chlorophyll content (up to 68% increase) and biomass (up to 38% increase), and better photosynthetic performance such as carbon assimilation rate (up to 144% increase) in PNC treated cotton plants than the NNP (non-nanoparticle control) group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA (malondialdehyde, up to 44% decrease) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, up to 79% decrease) than the NNP control group, both in the first and second true leaves. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower cytosolic Na+ (up to 77% decrease) fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaves than the NNP control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower leaf Na+ content (up to 63% decrease), and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the NNP control plants under salinity stress. Whereas no significant increase of mesophyll cell vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the NNP control under salinity stress, suggesting that the enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the NNP control.ConclusionsPNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration to enable better maintained cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus to improve cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance.

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Effects of Organic Polymer Compound Material on K⁺ and Na⁺ Distribution and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Under Saline and Alkaline Stresses.

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Effects of Organic Polymer Compound Material on K+ and Na+ Distribution and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Under Saline and Alkaline Stresses.

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Effects of Organic Polymer Compound Material on K⁺ and Na⁺ Distribution and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Under Saline and Alkaline Stresses.