Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee's self-efficacy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lopez Aguilar J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8199919 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Soccer referees (SRs) are exposed to stressful situations during the competition that can affect decision-making, could be affected by impulsivity during the competition and therefore, require optimal psychological skills. The objective of this study was to ascertain and analyze the relationship between levels of impulsivity and self-efficacy of amateur SRs in the senior category. A total of 21 Spanish SRs participated in this study (age 23.57 ± 2.40 years and 7.81 ± 2.58 seasons of experience). Self-efficacy data were collected with the REFS questionnaire between 48 and 72 h before the competition. The impulsivity data were collected using the UPPS-P questionnaire 60 min before the start the competition. The results indicate that SRs with higher self-efficacy have lower levels of impulsivity, specifically in the dimensions of negative urgency (p < 0.01), positive urgency (p < 0.05), lack of premeditation (p < 0.001), and lack of perseverance (p < 0.001), as well as lower global impulsivity (p < 0.01). However, the SRs with the highest self-efficacy also obtained higher levels in the sensation seeking dimension (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the main finding of this study showed that self-efficacy is influenced by SR impulsivity prior to competition. These novel facts allow us to discover aspects related to decision-making in refereeing that can be trained to reach optimal levels.
| S-EPMC8900613 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn people with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is an inverse relationship between age and kidney failure. If this relationship is the same at any age (linear), one effect (hazard ratio) will be sufficient for accurate risk prediction; if it is nonlinear, the effect will vary with age.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between age and kidney failure in adults with category G4 chronic kidney disease (G4 CKD).MethodsWe performed a population-based study using linked administrative databases in Alberta, Canada, to study adults with G4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and without previously documented eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or renal replacement. We used cause-specific Cox regression to model the relationship between age and the hazard of kidney failure (the earlier of eGFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m2 or receipt of renal replacement) and death, incorporating spline terms to capture any nonlinear effect of age. We included sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, albuminuria, and eGFR in all models.ResultsOf the 27 823 participants (97 731 patient-years at risk; mean age = 76 years, ±13), 19% developed kidney failure and 51% died. The decline in the hazard of kidney failure associated with a given increase in age was not constant but became progressively larger as people aged; that is, the hazard ratio became progressively smaller (closer to 0). Assuming an eGFR of 25 mL/min/1.73 m2, for every 10-year increase in age, the hazard ratio declined from 0.76 (95% confidence interval = 0.73-0.79) at age 50 years to 0.43 (95% confidence interval = 34-56) at age 80 years in people without cardiovascular disease, and from 0.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.70-0.79) at age 50 years to 0.36 (95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.45) at age 80 years in people with cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsThe relationship between kidney failure and age varies with age. An age-dependent effect, rather than a constant effect, needs to be specified to accurately predict risk. These findings have implications for risk prediction and advanced care planning.
| S-EPMC7586273 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The relationship between the time duration of movement (t(dur)) and related maximum possible power output has been studied and modeled under many conditions. Inspired by the so-called power profiles known for discontinuous endurance sports like cycling, and the critical power concept of Monod and Scherrer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the numerical characteristics of the function between maximum horizontal movement velocity (HSpeed) and t(dur) in soccer. To evaluate this relationship, GPS data from 38 healthy soccer players and 82 game participations (≥30 min active playtime) were used to select maximum HSpeed for 21 distinct t(dur) values (between 0.3 s and 2,700 s) based on moving medians with an incremental t(dur) window-size. As a result, the relationship between HSpeed and Log(t(dur)) appeared reproducibly as a sigmoidal decay function, and could be fitted to a five-parameter equation with upper and lower asymptotes, and an inflection point, power and decrease rate. Thus, the first three parameters described individual characteristics if evaluated using mixed-model analysis. This study shows for the first time the general numerical relationship between t(dur) and HSpeed in soccer games. In contrast to former descriptions that have evaluated speed against power, HSpeed against t(dur) always yields a sigmoidal shape with a new upper asymptote. The evaluated curve fit potentially describes the maximum moving speed of individual players during the game, and allows for concise interpretations of the functional state of team sports athletes.
| S-EPMC5526535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in body composition and the physical and physiological profile of handball youths across age categories, and (2) to analyze the mediation effect of different categories on the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and specific physical handball capacities. Fifty-four young handball players aged 13 to 18 were assigned to U14 (13- and 14-year-olds), U16 (15- and 16-year-olds), and U18 (17- and 18-year-olds). Body composition was measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Inbody®, 230). Handball physical fitness was assessed using handgrip force, jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with aimed arms), a 30-m sprint, a change-of-direction test (T-half agility test and modified Illinois test), and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Simple mediation analysis was performed to analyze whether the category mediated the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and physical capacities. No significant differences were observed according to category for the majority of the measured parameters, except for height, lean body mass, and arm span. Lean body mass increased significantly as player category increased (p < 0.05; ? = 4.66-9.38; effect size (ES) = 0.96-1.92). The increase in handball category enhanced the majority of the physical capacities evaluated; however, these differences were reduced between the U16 vs. U18 categories. The indirect mediation effect suggests that handball category mediated the relationship between lean mass and upper and lower strength, velocity, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In contrast, an indirect effect suggests that category mediated the relationship between fat mass only in agility and cardiorespiratory fitness. We conclude that U18s showed better body composition parameters, as well as better physical performance scores. Handball category clearly mediated the relationship between body composition through lean mass and fat mass and the physiological profile in handball youth, but lean mass proved to be more relevant when mediating physical performance.
| S-EPMC7177961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:The nature of the relationship between passion and courage and its influence on soccer performance has yet to be revealed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine passion attributes (i.e. harmonious and obsessive inclinations) among male soccer players in relation to the level of courageous characteristics (i.e. mastery, determination, assertiveness, venturesome and sacrificial behaviour), other demographic and player characteristics. Methods:Data were collected from 278 male soccer players aged 13-38 years (mean [M] = 17.42 ± 4.36) with the number of competitive soccer experiences ranging from 1-28 years (M = 7.51 ± 4.23 years). Participants had at least a year of experience in the sport of soccer completed the validated passion scale, sports courage scale and demographic form. Results:Analyses revealed that soccer players with higher levels of total courage (P < 0.001), have more experience in soccer (P = 0.011), and their soccer level being professional (P < 0.001) had a significantly higher score in harmonious passion. There was no significant difference in obsessive passion among different level of total courage (P = 0.154). However, soccer players with more experience (P = 0.011) and higher soccer level being professional (P < 0.001) demonstrated a significant higher score in obsessive passion. Conclusion:In conclusion, soccer players with higher harmonious and obsessive passionate attributes had higher courage (except for mastery). In addition, the courageous and passionate traits of the soccer players played meaningful roles in indicating individual and performance variables.
| S-EPMC7444832 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the basic elements of more complex sport-specific skills and should be mastered at the end of early childhood; however, the relationship between FMS and sport-specific skills has not yet been verified in prepubertal soccer players. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of FMS in the process of acquiring soccer-specific motor skills (measured using speed dribbling) with regard to physical fitness and biological maturation. Forty male soccer players (11.5 ± 0.3 years of age) at the highest performance level participated in the study. The test of Gross Motor Development - second edition and Unifittest 6-60 were used to assess FMS and physical fitness, respectively. The role of FMS in a complex theoretical model with the relationships between physical fitness, biological maturation and speed dribbling was analyzed by multiple regression path analyses (MRPA). Moderate to strong correlations were found between FMS, physical fitness, and speed dribbling (r = 0.56-0.66). Biological maturation did not appear to be a significant predictor of physical fitness or speed dribbling. The MRPA model using FMS as mediator variable between physical fitness and speed dribbling showed a significant indirect effect (standard estimation = -0.31, p = 0.001; R 2 = 0.25). However, the direct correlation between physical fitness and speed dribbling was non-significant. Our results showed that FMS significantly strengthened the influence of physical fitness on the performance of speed dribbling, a soccer-specific motor skill, and thus play an important role in the process of acquiring sport-specific motor skills in prepubertal soccer players. When considering the long-term training process, especially during childhood and before puberty, a wide range of FMS activities should be applied for better and possibly faster acquisition of soccer-specific motor skills.
| S-EPMC6546828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceFunctional status assessment methods are important as outcome measures for pediatric critical care studies.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between the 2 functional status assessment methods appropriate for large-sample studies, the Functional Status Scale (FSS) and the Pediatric Overall Performance Category and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (POPC/PCPC) scales.Design, setting, and participantsProspective cohort study with random patient selection at 7 sites and 8 children's hospitals with general/medical and cardiac/cardiovascular pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. Participants included all PICU patients younger than 18 years.Main outcomes and measuresFunctional Status Scale and POPC/PCPC scores determined at PICU admission (baseline) and PICU discharge. We investigated the association between the baseline and PICU discharge POPC/PCPC scores and the baseline and PICU discharge FSS scores, the dispersion of FSS scores within each of the POPC/PCPC ratings, and the relationship between the FSS neurologic components (FSS-CNS) and the PCPC.ResultsWe included 5017 patients. We found a significant (P < .001) difference between FSS scores in each POPC or PCPC interval, with an FSS score increase with each worsening POPC/PCPC rating. The FSS scores for the good and mild disability POPC/PCPC ratings were similar and increased by 2 to 3 points for the POPC/PCPC change from mild to moderate disability, 5 to 6 points for moderate to severe disability, and 8 to 9 points for severe disability to vegetative state or coma. The dispersion of FSS scores within each POPC and PCPC rating was substantial and increased with worsening POPC and PCPC scores. We also found a significant (P < .001) difference between the FSS-CNS scores between each of the PCPC ratings with increases in the FSS-CNS score for each higher PCPC rating.Conclusions and relevanceThe FSS and POPC/PCPC system are closely associated. Increases in FSS scores occur with each higher POPC and PCPC rating and with greater magnitudes of change as the dysfunction severity increases. However, the dispersion of the FSS scores indicated a lack of precision in the POPC/PCPC system when compared with the more objective and granular FSS. The relationship between the PCPC and the FSS-CNS paralleled the relationship between the FSS and POPC/PCPC system.
| S-EPMC4589215 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many factors appear to be related to physical activity after stroke, yet it is unclear how these factors interact and which ones might be the best predictors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the relationship between walking capacity and walking activity, and (2) to investigate how biopsychosocial factors and self-efficacy relate to walking activity, above and beyond walking capacity impairment poststroke.Individuals greater than 3 months poststroke (n = 55) completed the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Modified Cumulative Illness Rating (MCIR) Scale, Walk 12, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), and oxygen consumption testing. Walking activity data were collected via a StepWatch Activity Monitor. Predictors were grouped into 3 constructs: (1) walking capacity: oxygen consumption and FGA; (2) biopsychosocial: GDS, FSS, and MCIR; (3) self-efficacy: Walk 12 and ABC. Moderated sequential regression models were used to examine what factors best predicted walking activity.Walking capacity explained 35.9% (P < 0.001) of the variance in walking activity. Self-efficacy (?R = 0.15, P < 0.001) and the interaction between the FGA×ABC (?R = 0.047, P < 0.001) significantly increased the variability explained. The FGA (? = 0.37, P = 0.01), MCIR (? = -0.26, P = 0.01), and Walk 12 (? = -0.45, P = 0.00) were each individually significantly associated with walking activity.Although measures of walking capacity and self-efficacy significantly contributed to "real-world" walking activity, balance self-efficacy moderated the relationship between walking capacity and walking activity. Improving balance self-efficacy may augment walking capacity and translate to improved walking activity poststroke.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A139).
| S-EPMC5025374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/Study Context: With our aging population, understanding determinants of healthy aging is a priority. One essential component of healthy aging is mobility. Although self-efficacy can directly impact mobility in older adults, it is unknown what role brain health may play in this relationship. METHODS:The authors conducted a cross-sectional pilot analysis of community-dwelling women (N = 80, mean age = 69 years) to examine whether brain volume mediates the relationship between falls-related self-efficacy, as measured by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and mobility, as measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Age, depression, education, functional comorbidities, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were included in the model as covariates. RESULTS:The authors report that total white matter volume, specifically, significantly mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and mobility, where higher self-efficacy was associated with greater white matter volume (r = .28), which, in turn, was associated with better mobility (r = -.30). CONCLUSION:This pilot study extends our understanding of the psychosocial and neurological factors that contribute to mobility and provides insight into effective strategies that may be used to improve functional independence among older adults. Future prospective and intervention studies are required to further elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-efficacy, mobility, and brain health.
| S-EPMC5289890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAuthentic leadership has been identified as a style needed to promote quality patient care and nurses' retention.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the authentic leadership exhibited by nurse managers and the levels of resilience and self-efficacy among nurses.MethodsA descriptive correlational study was conducted in an Egyptian hospital. A sample of convenience nurses (N = 285) completed the Authentic Leadership Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed with correlation and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe highest percentages of nurses (53.33% and 45.96%) perceived their nurse managers as having either moderate or high levels of authentic leadership. The majority of nurses rated themselves as moderately resilient (63.98%, 25.59 ± 6.56) and highly efficacious (76.70%, 30.68 ± 4.95). Furthermore, the analysis conducted using SPSS-AMOS reveals a significant positive association between the variables. Specifically, authentic leadership, along with its constituent components, accounts for approximately 22% of the overall variance observed in nurses' resilience. Additionally, it is shown that these same factors explain approximately 34% of the variance in nurses' self-efficacy. Moreover, the mediating role of self-efficacy was found to explain 49.3% of the variability in nurses' resilience.ConclusionNurse leaders should be aware of and implement effective and authentic leadership behaviors and apply tailored strategies for fostering nurses' resilience and self-efficacy to deal with the challenging healthcare environment.
| S-EPMC10644731 | biostudies-literature