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Phosphate Elimination and Recovery Lightweight (PEARL) membrane: A sustainable environmental remediation approach.

ABSTRACT: Aqueous phosphate pollution can dramatically impact ecosystems, introducing a variety of environmental, economic, and public health problems. While novel remediation tactics based on nanoparticle binding have shown considerable promise in nutrient recovery from water, they are challenging to deploy at scale. To bridge the gap between the laboratory-scale nature of these nanostructure solutions and the practical benchmarks for deploying an environmental remediation tool, we have developed a nanocomposite material. Here, an economical, readily available, porous substrate is dip coated using scalable, water-based processes with a slurry of nanostructures. These nanomaterials have tailored affinity for specific adsorption of pollutants. Our Phosphate Elimination and Recovery Lightweight (PEARL) membrane can selectively sequester up to 99% of phosphate ions from polluted waters at environmentally relevant concentrations. Moreover, mild tuning of pH promotes at will adsorption and desorption of nutrients. This timed release allows for phosphate recovery and reuse of the PEARL membrane repeatedly for numerous cycles. We combine correlative microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to characterize the complex microstructure of the PEARL membrane and to unravel the mechanism of phosphate sorption. More broadly, through the example of phosphate pollution, this work describes a platform membrane approach based on nanostructures with specific affinity coated on a porous structure. Such a strategy can be tuned to address other environmental remediation challenges through the incorporation of other nanomaterials.

SUBMITTER: Ribet SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8201963 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Low-cost mesoporous silicas of the SBA-15 family were prepared, aimed for removal of a broad spectrum of both cationic and anionic forms of hazardous metal pollutants (Cr(III, VI), Mn(II, VII), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II)) from environmental water. Series of mono- and bifunctional materials with immobilized ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA), primary amine (NH2), and quaternary ammonium (QAS) groups were prepared in a cost-efficient one-step synthesis using two silica sources, low-cost sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3 9H2O) and the conventional source-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The functionalized SBA-15 samples obtained from both silica sources were highly ordered, as evidenced by TEM and SAXS data. All obtained materials were mesoporous with high surface area values of up to 745 m2/g, pore volumes from 0.99 to 1.44 cm3/g, and narrow pore distributions near 7 nm. The adsorption affinity of the EDTA-functionalized samples followed the common order Pb(II)> Cd(II)> Cu(II)> Cr(III)> Mn(II), which could be explained based on the Pearson theory. The highest adsorption capacities were observed for samples functionalized by EDTA groups using TEOS for synthesis (TEOS/EDTA): 195.6 mg/g for Pb(II), 111.2 mg/g for Cd(II), 58.7 mg/g for Cu(II), 57.7 mg/g for Cr(III), and 49.4 mg/g for Mn(II). Moreover, organic matter (humic acid up to 10 mg/L) and inorganic (Na(I), K(I), Mg(II), Ca(II), etc) macrocomponents present in environmental water had almost negligible effect on the removal of these cations. The NaSi/EDTA/NH2 sample revealed a better selectivity compared to the NaSi/NH2 sample towards such species as Cr(III), Mn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II). The chromate-ions uptake at pH 7.5 by the TEOS/QAS sample turned practically unaffected by the presence of doubly charged anions (CO3 2-, SO4 2-). The content of functional groups on the surface of MS decreased only slightly (∼1-5%) after several regeneration cycles. The complete desorption of all heavy metal ions can be achieved using 1 mol/L EDTA solution. Reusability tests demonstrated the complete stability of the adsorbent for at least five to six consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles with no decrease in its adsorption characteristics compared to those obtained by 0.05 mol/L HNO3 treatments. The synthesized mesoporous materials were evaluated for removal of the heavy metal ions from drinking and different natural water samples, proving their potential as sustainable, effective, and cost-efficient adsorbents.

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Phosphate Elimination and Recovery Lightweight (PEARL) membrane: A sustainable environmental remediation approach.

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