Association among pterygium, cataracts, and cumulative ocular ultraviolet exposure: A cross-sectional study in Han people in China and Taiwan.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Purpose
Pterygium is an ocular surface disorder mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. This study explored the relationships between six cataract types with pterygium and UV exposure.Methods
We have previously studied cataracts in residents of three regions in China and Taiwan with different UV intensities. From that study, we identified 1,547 subjects with information on the presence or absence of pterygium. Pterygium severity was graded by corneal progress rate. Cataracts were graded by classification systems as three main types (cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular) and three subtypes (retrodots, waterclefts, fiber folds) with high prevalence in middle-aged and elderly people. We calculated the cumulative ocular UV exposure (COUV) based on subject data and National Aeronautics and Space Administration data on UV intensities and used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for the associations of COUV, cataract, and pterygium.Results
We found an overall pterygium prevalence of 23.3%, with significant variation among the three regions. Four cataract types (cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and retrodots) were significantly associated with the presence of pterygium.Conclusions
There was a significant association between COUV and pterygium, indicating that COUV is associated with the risk of pterygium development and that pterygium is useful as an index of UV exposure. Furthermore, the type of cataract in eyes with pterygium may indicate the level of UV exposure.
SUBMITTER: Hatsusaka N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8205177 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:PurposeWe investigated associations between ocular ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure dose and cataract opacities among Han people living in China and Taiwan, to assess the effects of UV exposure intensity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included Han people aged ≥40 years (1,801 individuals, 450 in Sanya, 636 in Taiyuan, and 715 in Taichung) as subjects who completed a questionnaire including items about diabetes, smoking, steroid use, work history, and time spent outdoors, and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Right eye axial length was measured using A-mode ultrasonography or IOLMaster. Slit-lamp imaging under maximum mydriasis was used to classify cataracts into three major types [cortical (COR), nuclear (NUC), and posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC)] and two subtypes [retrodots (RD) and waterclefts (WC)] by one ophthalmologist. COR was divided into opacity presence (CEN+) or absence (CEN-) in the central 3-mm diameter area of the pupil. COR was also subdivided into three groups according to opacity shape: axle-shaped opacity concomitant with WC, wedge-shaped opacity around the pupil to the eye center, and ring-shaped opacity in the lens equator along the pupillary margin. The cumulative ocular UV exposure (COUV) was calculated. A logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsCataract odds ratios in high COUV eyes were 5.35 for NUC, 1.87 for PSC, and 1.35 for RD. In eyes with WC, risk of COR ring-shaped opacity significantly increased but that of wedge-shaped opacity (CEN+) significantly decreased. In eyes without WC, risk of COR axle-shaped opacity (CEN-) and ring-shaped opacity significantly increased but that of wedge-shaped opacity (CEN+) significantly decreased.ConclusionsIncreased COUV level among Han people may be a risk factor for the development of nuclear cataracts, PSC, retrodots and ring-shaped cortical cataract. Risk of ocular UV exposure for cortical cataract may differ by opacity shape.
| S-EPMC6483175 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with Lynch syndrome have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we estimated the age- and sex-specific cumulative risks of CRC in Han Chinese patients with Lynch syndrome caused by the pathogenic germline mutations in MLH1 or MSH2 in Taiwan. Based on 321 mutation carriers and 419 non-mutation carriers from 75 pedigrees collected in an Amsterdam criteria family registry in Taiwan, the age- and sex-specific cumulative risks of CRC in male carriers of mutation in MLH1 and MSH2 at the age of 70 years were 60.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.1%-89.9%) and 76.7% (95% CI = 37.2%-99.0%), respectively. For females, the cumulative risks of CRC at the age of 70 were estimated to be 30.6% (95% CI = 14.3%-57.7%) and 49.3% (95% CI = 21.9%-84.5%) in the carriers of MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations, respectively. In conclusion, the cumulative risks of CRC at the age of 70 in the Han Chinese patients is higher in mutation carriers than non-mutation carriers and male mutation carriers have a higher cumulative risk of developing CRC than the female mutation carriers.
| S-EPMC8076276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies have suggested that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light may increase risk of herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrence. Between 1993 and 1997, the Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) randomized 703 participants with ocular HSV to receipt of acyclovir or placebo for prevention of ocular HSV recurrence. Of these, 308 HEDS participants (48% female and 85% white; median age, 49 years) were included in a nested study of exposures thought to cause recurrence and were followed for up to 15 months. We matched weekly UV index values from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to each participant's study center and used marginal structural Cox models to account for time-varying psychological stress and contact lens use and selection bias from dropout. There were 44 recurrences of ocular HSV, yielding an incidence of 4.3 events per 1,000 person-weeks. Weighted hazard ratios comparing persons with ?8 hours of time outdoors to those with less exposure were 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 2.63) and 3.10 (95% CI: 1.14, 8.48) for weeks with a UV index of <4 and ?4, respectively (ratio of hazard ratios = 3.68, 95% CI: 0.43, 31.4). Though results were imprecise, when the UV index was higher (i.e., ?4), spending 8 or more hours per week outdoors was associated with increased risk of ocular HSV recurrence.
| S-EPMC3873108 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40-79 years in Hebei province, China.DesignCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.SettingHebei province, China.ParticipantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1?year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.Main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.ResultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95%?CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95%?CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95%?CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95%?CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95%?CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.
| S-EPMC6398733 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimIn the literature, the studies about the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in pterygium diagnosis are mainly based on its protein expression. The role of MMP-2 variants has never been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association of MMP-2 genotypes with pterygium risk.Materials and methodsMMP-2 rs243865 and rs2285053 were genotyped in 140 pterygium cases and 280 non-pterygium controls by typical polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping technology.ResultsThe genotypic frequency of MMP-2 rs243865 CC, CT and TT were 86.4%, 12.9% and 0.7% in the pterygium group and 81.1%, 17.1% and 1.8% in the non-pterygium group (p for trend=0.3389). The variant CT and TT carriers had a 0.70- and 0.38-fold pterygium risk (95%CI=0.39-1.26 and 0.04-3.25, p=0.2982 and 0.6686, respectively). As for MMP-2 rs2285053, the genotypic frequency of CC, CT and TT were 67.1%, 28.6% and 4.3% in the pterygium group, non-significantly different from those in non-pterygium group (p for trend=0.7081). The CT and TT carriers had a 0.88- and 0.71-fold pterygium risk (95%CI=0.56-1.38 and 0.27-1.88, p=0.6612 and 0.6456, respectively). The allelic analysis results showed that MMP-2 rs243865 variant T allele was not associated with pterygium risk (7.1% versus 10.4%, OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.39-1.13, p=0.1649). As for MMP-2 rs2285053, the T allele was not associated with pterygium risk either (18.6% versus 21.1%, OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.59-1.23, p=0.4136).ConclusionThe genotypes at MMP-2 rs243865 or rs2285053 played minor role in determining individual susceptibility for pterygium among Taiwanese.
| S-EPMC10905486 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo analyze how ocular surface parameters correlate to presence of pterygium and investigate the possible impact of pterygia on tear film findings and meibomian glands findings.MethodsWe investigated objective parameters of the ocular surface such as conjunctival hyperemia, tear film stability and volume, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye disease, corneal topography comparing healthy individuals and correlating with the pterygium clinical presentation.ResultsA total of 83 patients were included. Corneal astigmatism induction was 2.65 ± 2.52 D (0.4-11.8). The impact of pterygium on the ocular surface parameters compared to matched controls was seen in: conjunctival hyperemia (control 1.55±0.39/pterygium 2.14±0.69; p = 0.0001), tear meniscus height (control 0.24±0.05 mm/pterygium 0.36±0.14mm; p 0.0002), meiboscore lower eyelid (control 0.29±0.64/pterygium 1.38±0.95; p 0.0001) and meiboscore upper eyelid (control 0.53±0.62/pterygium 0.98±0.75; p = 0.0083). We found a high number of pterygium patients (88%) presented meibomian gland alterations. Interestingly, meibomian gland loss was coincident to the localization of the pterygium in 54% of the upper and 77% lower lids.ConclusionPterygium greatly impacts on ocular surface by inducing direct alterations in the pattern of meibomian glands besides corneal irregularities, conjunctival hyperemia and lacrimal film alterations, inducing significant symptoms and potential signs of dysfunction.
| S-EPMC6742459 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePeople living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and developing more non-AIDS comorbidities, which negatively impact antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is a novel pharmacologic measure of cumulative ART adherence that is predictive of viral suppression and future viremia. However, the relationship between non-AIDS comorbidities and this adherence measure is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between 3 non-AIDS comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and TFV-DP in DBS in PLWH.MethodsBlood for TFV-DP in DBS and HIV viral load was prospectively collected from PLWH on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for up to 3 times over 48 weeks. Non-AIDS comorbidities were recorded. Mixed effect multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the changes in TFV-DP concentrations in DBS according to the presence of comorbidities and to estimate the percent differences in TFV-DP concentrations between these groups.ResultsA total of 1144 person-visits derived from 523 participants with available concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS were included in this analysis. In univariate analysis, no significant association between non-AIDS comorbidities (categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 comorbidities) and the concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS was observed (P = 0.40). Participants who had DM had 25% lower (95% confidence interval: -36% to -12%; P < 0.001) TFV-DP in DBS than participants without DM after adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CD4 T-cell count, hematocrit, ART class, patient-level medication regimen complexity index, and 3-month self-reported adherence.ConclusionsDiabetic PLWH have lower concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS compared with those without DM. Further research is required to identify the clinical implications and biological mechanisms underlying these findings.
| S-EPMC7756101 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The genetics, social, cultural and environmental factors pose a great challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease among different racial groups. We aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes involved in coronary heart disease in Chinese Han people as an aid for screening and diagnosing coronary heart disease. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression to identify the differentially gene between the patients with coronary heart disease and healthy people in Chinese Han people Three patients with coronary heart disease and three healthy people in Chinese Han people were recruited,total RNA of each samples were extracted from peripheral blood to hybridize with Affymetrix microarrays.
2015-07-23 | E-GEOD-71226 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:PurposeWe examine the risk of cataract and cataract surgery with measures of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and UVR sensitivity in a large, nationwide population of indoor workers.MethodsParticipants from the US Radiologic Technologists Study were followed from age at baseline survey (2003-2005) to age at earliest of cataract diagnosis, cataract surgery, or completion of last survey (2012-2013). UVR-related factors included satellite-based ambient UVR linked to lifetime residences, time spent outdoors across various age periods, history of blistering sunburns, prior diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma, and iris color. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age as timescale to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cataract and cataract surgery.ResultsParticipants had a median age of entry of 54.0 years, were 80.0% female, and 95.7% white. Of the 44, 891 eligible participants, 9399 cases of cataract and 3826 cases of cataract surgery were reported. Ambient UVR (quintile 5 vs. 1) was associated with an increased risk of cataract (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16) and cataract surgery (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.29). Lifetime average time spent outdoors was not associated with cataract risk. History of blistering sunburns before and after age 15, but not previous keratinocyte carcinoma diagnosis was associated with both cataract and cataract surgery.ConclusionOur results suggest a modest role for residence-based ambient UVR and cataract risk among indoor workers in the United States.
| S-EPMC10655928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ocular coloboma results from abnormal embryonic development and is often associated with additional ocular and systemic features. Coloboma is a highly heterogeneous disorder with many cases remaining unexplained. Whole exome sequencing from two cousins affected with dominant coloboma with microcornea, cataracts, and skeletal dysplasia identified a novel heterozygous allele in MAB21L2, c.151 C>G, p.(Arg51Gly); the mutation was present in all five family members with the disease and appeared de novo in the first affected generation of the three-generational pedigree. MAB21L2 encodes a protein similar to C. elegans mab-21 cell fate-determining factor; the molecular function of MAB21L2 is largely unknown. To further evaluate the role of MAB21L2, zebrafish mutants carrying a p.(Gln48Serfs*5) frameshift truncation (mab21l2Q48Sfs*5) and a p.(Arg51_Phe52del) in-frame deletion (mab21l2R51_F52del) were developed with TALEN technology. Homozygous zebrafish embryos from both lines developed variable lens and coloboma phenotypes: mab21l2Q48Sfs*5 embryos demonstrated severe lens and retinal defects with complete lethality while mab21l2R51_F52del mutants displayed a milder lens phenotype and severe coloboma with a small number of fish surviving to adulthood. Protein studies showed decreased stability for the human p.(Arg51Gly) and zebrafish p.(Arg51_Phe52del) mutant proteins and predicted a complete loss-of-function for the zebrafish p.(Gln48Serfs*5) frameshift truncation. Additionally, in contrast to wild-type human MAB21L2 transcript, mutant p.(Arg51Gly) mRNA failed to efficiently rescue the ocular phenotype when injected into mab21l2Q48Sfs*5 embryos, suggesting this allele is functionally deficient. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization experiments identified retinal invagination defects, an increase in cell death, abnormal proliferation patterns, and altered expression of several ocular markers in the mab21l2 mutants. These findings support the identification of MAB21L2 as a novel factor involved in human coloboma and highlight the power of genome editing manipulation in model organisms for analysis of the effects of whole exome variation in humans.
| S-EPMC4342166 | biostudies-literature