Forensic age estimation based on fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)-weighted MRI of the distal radial epiphysis.
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SUBMITTER: Ekizoglu O
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8205877 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and purposeThere is a paucity of literature that supports the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers guideline that proton density MR imaging is a core spinal cord sequence. We hypothesized that proton density fast spin-echo imaging is superior to T2 fast spin-echo MR imaging for the detection of cervical cord MS lesions. This study compared the detection rate and conspicuity of cervical cord MS lesions on sagittal 1.5T proton density fast spin-echo and T2 fast spin-echo MR imaging.Materials and methodsOne hundred consecutive patients with MS imaged with 1.5T sagittal proton density fast spin-echo and T2 fast spin-echo cervical cord MR imaging between September 2012 and October 2013 were retrospectively included. The number of MS lesions detected on each sequence was recorded; conspicuity was assessed quantitatively with the lesion-to-cord contrast ratio and lesion-contrast-to-noise ratio. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsSeventy-eight patients had MS cord lesions detected. Proton density fast spin-echo imaging detected a greater number of lesions (n = 181) compared with T2 fast spin-echo imaging (n = 137, P < .001). Fifteen patients (19%) with abnormal findings on proton density fast spin-echo imaging had normal findings on T2 fast spin-echo imaging; no patient with abnormal T2 fast spin-echo imaging findings had normal proton density fast spin-echo imaging findings. Although proton density fast spin-echo and T2 fast spin-echo imaging had similar lesion-to-cord contrast ratios (proton density fast spin-echo, 0.32 ± 0.01, versus T2 fast spin-echo, 0.33 ± 0.01; P = .43), proton density fast spin-echo had greater lesion-contrast-to-noise ratio (proton density fast spin-echo, 82 ± 3.0, versus T2 fast spin-echo, 64 ± 2.6; P < .001).ConclusionsProton density fast spin-echo imaging is superior to T2 fast spin-echo MR imaging for the detection of cervical cord MS lesions. Proton density fast spin-echo detects cord lesions in patients in whom T2 fast spin-echo findings appear normal. This study forms the evidentiary base for the current Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers guideline that proton density imaging is a core spinal cord sequence.
| S-EPMC7960196 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide unique information about extraocular muscle (EOM) structure and function. Previous high-resolution motility imaging studies used T1 weighting, which provides intrinsic contrast of dark-appearing EOMs against bright orbital fat and is suitable for intravenous contrast. However, time-consuming T1 sequences are subject to motion artifacts. We evaluated an alternative T2-weighted fast spin-echo pulse sequence that emphasizes tissue-free fluid.MethodsWe prospectively used high-resolution, surface coil technique for orbital MRI at 1.5T in 21 orthotropic and 113 living strabismic subjects and 2 monkey cadavers by using T2 fast spin-echo (T2FSE) weighting (long repetition time, short echo time). T2FSE was compared with T1 in 17 subjects, and with T1 in 506 different living subjects, and 12 cadavers.ResultsFor 2 mm thick coronal MRIs of 312 μm resolution spanning the entire orbit, T1 acquisition required 218 seconds, whereas T2FSE required 150 seconds (31% faster). T2-defined the globe border better, and provided intrinsic contrast between EOMs and their pulleys. Although both T1 and T2 demonstrated motor nerves to EOMs in living subjects, only T1 was satisfactory with injected contrast and in cadavers.ConclusionsFor motility imaging, T2FSE is faster than T1 MRI and demonstrates superior tissue details of EOMs and other orbital tissues. T2FSE of the orbits can be performed by the use of widely available standard equipment. We suggest that T2FSE be the preferred method for clinical imaging of EOM structure, function, and innervation, although T1 may be more appropriate when intravenous contrast must be used.
| S-EPMC3057399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown great value in rectal cancer imaging. However, traditional DWI with echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) often suffers from geometrical distortions. We applied a three-dimensional diffusion-prepared stimulated-echo turbo spin-echo sequence (DPsti-TSE), allowing geometrically undistorted rectal DWI. We compared DPsti-TSE with DW-EPI for locally advanced rectal cancer DWI. METHODS:For 33 prior-to-treatment patients, DWI images of the rectum were acquired with DPsti-TSE and DW-EPI at 3?T using b-values of 200 and 1000 s/mm2. Two radiologists conducted a blinded scoring of the images considering nine aspects of image quality and anatomical quality. Tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and distortions were compared quantitatively. RESULTS:DPsti-TSE scored significantly better than DW-EPI in rectum distortion (p = 0.005) and signal pileup (p = 0.001). DPsti-TSE had better tumour Dice similarity coefficient compared to DW-EPI (0.84 versus 0.80, p = 0.010). Tumour ADC values were higher for DPsti-TSE compared to DW-EPI (1.47 versus 0.86 × 10-3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). Radiologists scored DPsti-TSE significantly lower than DW-EPI on aspects of overall image quality (p = 0.001), sharpness (p < 0.001), quality of fat suppression (p < 0.001), tumour visibility (p = 0.009), tumour conspicuity (p = 0.010) and rectum wall visibility (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS:DPsti-TSE provided geometrically less distorted rectal cancer diffusion-weighted images. However, the image quality of DW-EPI over DPsti-TSE was referred on the basis of several image quality criteria. A significant bias in tumour ADC values from DPsti-TSE was present. Further improvements of DPsti-TSE are needed until it can replace DW-EPI.
| S-EPMC7005244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMyelin water imaging (MWI) is a myelin-specific technique, which has great potential for the assessment of demyelination and remyelination. This study develops a new MWI method, which employs a short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery (STAIR) technique in combination with a commonly used fast spin echo (FSE) sequence and provides quantification of myelin water (MW) fractions.MethodWhole-brain MWI was performed using the short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared-fast spin echo (STAIR-FSE) technique on eight healthy volunteers (mean age: 38±14 years, four-males) and seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (mean age: 53.7±8.7 years, two-males) on a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. To facilitate the quantification of apparent myelin water fraction (aMWF), a proton density-weighted FSE was also used during the scans to allow total water imaging. The aMWF measurements of MS lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) regions in MS patients were compared with those measured in normal white matter (NWM) regions in healthy volunteers. Both the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired comparison were performed for the comparison.ResultsThe MW in the whole-brain was selectively imaged and quantified using the STAIR-FSE technique in all participants. MS lesions showed much lower signal intensities than NAWM in the STAIR-FSE images. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in the aMWF measurements between the three groups. Moreover, the aMWF measurements in MS lesions were significantly lower than those in both NWM of healthy volunteers and NAWM of MS patients. Lower aMWF measurements in NAWM were also found in comparison with those in NWM.ConclusionsThe STAIR-FSE technique is capable of measuring aMWF values for the indirect detection of myelin loss in MS, thus facilitating clinical translation of whole brain MWI and quantification, which show great potential for the detection and evaluation of changes in myelin in the brain of patients with MS for future larger cohort studies.
| S-EPMC10895142 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:To assess whether artifacts in multi-slice multi-echo spin echo neck imaging, thought to be caused by brief motion events such as swallowing, can be corrected by reacquiring corrupted central k-space data and estimating the remainder with parallel imaging. METHODS:A single phase-encode line (ky = 0, phase-encode direction anteroposterior) navigator echo was used to identify motion-corrupted data and guide the online reacquisition. If motion corruption was detected in the 7 central k-space lines, they were replaced with reacquired data. Subsequently, GRAPPA reconstruction was trained on the updated central portion of k-space and then used to estimate the remaining motion-corrupted k-space data from surrounding uncorrupted data. Similar compressed sensing-based approaches have been used previously to compensate for respiration in cardiac imaging. The g-factor noise amplification was calculated for the parallel imaging reconstruction of data acquired with a 10-channel neck coil. The method was assessed in scans with 9 volunteers and 12 patients. RESULTS:The g-factor analysis showed that GRAPPA reconstruction of 2 adjacent motion-corrupted lines causes high noise amplification; therefore, the number of 2-line estimations should be limited. In volunteer scans, median ghosting reduction of 24% was achieved with 2 adjacent motion-corrupted lines correction, and image quality was improved in 2 patient scans that had motion corruption close to the center of k-space. CONCLUSION:Motion-corrupted echo-trains can be identified with a navigator echo. Combined reacquisition and parallel imaging estimation reduced motion artifacts in multi-slice MESE when there were brief motion events, especially when motion corruption was close to the center of k-space.
| S-EPMC7065122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Advanced perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) methods that combine gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE) data are important tools for the study of brain tumours. In PWI, single-shot, EPI-based methods have been widely used due to their relatively high imaging speed. However, when used with increasing spatial resolution, single-shot EPI methods often show limitations in whole-brain coverage for multi-contrast applications. To overcome this limitation, this work employs a new version of EPI with keyhole (EPIK) to provide five echoes: two with GEs, two with mixed GESE and one with SE; the sequence is termed "GESE-EPIK." The performance of GESE-EPIK is evaluated against its nearest relative, EPI, in terms of the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR). Here, data from brain tumour patients were acquired using a hybrid 3T MR-BrainPET scanner. GESE-EPIK resulted in reduced susceptibility artefacts, shorter TEs for the five echoes and increased brain coverage when compared to EPI. Moreover, compared to EPI, EPIK achieved a comparable tSNR for the first and second echoes and significantly higher tSNR for other echoes. A new method to obtain multi-echo GE and SE data with shorter TEs and increased brain coverage is demonstrated. As proposed here, the workflow can be shortened and the integration of multimodal clinical MR-PET studies can be facilitated.
| S-EPMC8356990 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of turbo spin-echo (TSE) DWI with fusion images in the T-staging compared with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) alone and conventional echo-planner imaging (EPI) DWI.MethodsIn this prospective study, 4-mm-thick axial EPI-DWI, TSE-DWI, and T2WI were performed with the same slice locations for 20 patients with rectal cancer. Fusion images of DWI and T2WI were created for both EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Ten readers independently diagnosed the T-stages and scored the degree of confidence referring to T2WI alone and then to DWI, T2WI, and fusion images (DWI+T2WI) for each EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Visual score assessments of image quality were performed for each DWI.ResultsInter-observer agreement of T-staging for 10 readers was slight on T2WI alone but fair on EPI-DWI+T2WI and excellent on TSE-DWI+T2WI images. No readers gave higher confidence scores for T2WI compared to EPI/TSE-DWI+T2WI and for EPI-DWI+T2WI compared to TSE-DWI+T2WI. In seven pathologically-proven cases, poor, poor to slight, and fair to perfect agreements with the pathological T-stage were observed with T2WI alone, EPI-DWI+T2WI, and TSE-DWI+T2WI, respectively. All readers gave higher scores regarding image distortion and lower scores regarding image noise for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI. For DWI utility, higher scores were assigned for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI in 7 readers and there were no significant differences in the other 3 readers.ConclusionTSE-DWI images might be more appropriate for image fusion with T2WI and rectal cancer T-staging compared with EPI-DWI and T2WI alone.
| S-EPMC8059798 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:To investigate the ability of amide proton transfer (APT) weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and the combination for differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS:Twenty-seven patients including nine LGGs and eighteen HGGs underwent conventional, APT, ASL and DWI MRI with a 3.0-T MR scanner. Histogram analyses was performed and quantitative parameters including mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC mean), 20th-percentile ADC (ADC 20th), mean APT (APT mean), 90th-percentile APT (APT 90th), relative mean cerebral blood flow (rCBF mean) and relative 90th-percentile CBF (rCBF 90th) were compared between HGGs and LGGs. The diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of each parameter and their combination. Correlations were analyzed among the MRI parameters and Ki-67. RESULTS:The APT values were significantly higher in the HGGs compared to the LGGs (p?<? 0.005), whereas ADC values were significantly lower in HGGs than LGGs (P?<? 0.0001). The ADC 20th and APT mean had higher discrimination abilities compared with other single parameters, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.877 and 0.840. Adding ADC parameter, the discrimination ability of APT and rCBF significantly improved. The ADC was negatively correlated with the APT and rCBF value, respectively, while APT value was positively correlated with rCBF value. Significant correlations between ADC values and Ki-67 were also observed. CONCLUSIONS:APT and DWI are valuable in differentiating HGGs from LGGs. The combination of APT, DWI and ASL imaging could improve the ability for discriminating HGGs from LGGs.
| S-EPMC7227252 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:This work demonstrates a magnetization prepared diffusion-weighted single-shot fast spin echo (SS-FSE) pulse sequence for the application of body imaging to improve robustness to geometric distortion. This work also proposes a scan averaging technique that is superior to magnitude averaging and is not subject to artifacts due to object phase. THEORY AND METHODS:This single-shot sequence is robust against violation of the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) condition. This is achieved by dephasing the signal after diffusion weighting and tipping the MG component of the signal onto the longitudinal axis while the non-MG component is spoiled. The MG signal component is then excited and captured using a traditional SS-FSE sequence, although the echo needs to be recalled prior to each echo. Extended Parallel Imaging (ExtPI) averaging is used where coil sensitivities from the multiple acquisitions are concatenated into one large parallel imaging (PI) problem. The size of the PI problem is reduced by SVD-based coil compression which also provides background noise suppression. This sequence and reconstruction are evaluated in simulation, phantom scans, and in vivo abdominal clinical cases. RESULTS:Simulations show that the sequence generates a stable signal throughout the echo train which leads to good image quality. This sequence is inherently low-SNR, but much of the SNR can be regained through scan averaging and the proposed ExtPI reconstruction. In vivo results show that the proposed method is able to provide diffusion encoded images while mitigating geometric distortion artifacts compared to EPI. CONCLUSION:This work presents a diffusion-prepared SS-FSE sequence that is robust against the violation of the CPMG condition while providing diffusion contrast in clinical cases. Magn Reson Med 79:3032-3044, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
| S-EPMC6312718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo apply the MB (multiband) excitation and blipped-CAIPI (blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) techniques in a spin and gradient-echo (SAGE) EPI sequence to improve the slice coverage for vessel architecture imaging (VAI).Materials and methodsBoth MB excitation and blipped-CAIPI with in-plane parallel imaging were incorporated into a gradient-echo (GE)/spin-echo (SE) EPI sequence for simultaneous tracking of the dynamic MR signal changes in both GE and SE contrasts after the injection of contrast agent. MB and singleband (SB) excitation were compared using a 20-channel head coil at 3 Tesla, and high-resolution MB VAI could be performed in 32 glioma patients.ResultsWhole-brain covered high resolution VAI can be achieved after applying multiband excitation with a factor of 2 and in-plane parallel imaging with a factor of 3. The quality of the images resulting from MB acceleration was comparable to those from the SB method: images were reconstructed without any loss of spatial resolution or severe distortions. In addition, MB and SB signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were similar. A relative low g-factor induced from the MB acceleration method was achieved after using a blipped-CAIPI technique (1.35 for GE and 1.33 for SE imaging). Performing quantitative VAI, we found that, among all VAI parametric maps, microvessel type indicator (MTI), distance map (I) and vascular-induced bolus peak-time shift (VIPS) were highly correlated. Likewise, VAI parametric maps of slope, slope length and short axis were highly correlated.ConclusionsMultiband accelerated SAGE successfully doubles the number of readout slices in the same measurement time when compared to conventional readout sequences. The corresponding VAI parametric maps provide insights into the complexity and heterogeneity of vascular changes in glioma.
| S-EPMC6688807 | biostudies-literature