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Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Antiviral Immunity Upon Sacbrood Virus Infection in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis cerana).

ABSTRACT: The honey bee is one of the most important pollinators in the agricultural system and is responsible for pollinating a third of all food we eat. Sacbrood virus (SBV) is a member of the virus family Iflaviridae and affects honey bee larvae and causes particularly devastating disease in the Asian honey bees, Apis cerana. Chinese Sacbrood virus (CSBV) is a geographic strain of SBV identified in China and has resulted in mass death of honey bees in China in recent years. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SBV infection in the Asian honey bee has remained unelucidated. In this present study, we employed high throughput next-generation sequencing technology to study the host transcriptional responses to CSBV infection in A. cerana larvae, and were able to identify genome-wide differentially expressed genes associated with the viral infection. Our study identified 2,534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in host innate immunity including Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, endocytosis, etc. Notably, the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, apidaecin, hymenoptaecin, and defensin) and core components of RNAi such as Dicer-like and Ago2 were found to be significantly upregulated in CSBV infected larvae. Most importantly, the expression of Sirtuin target genes, a family of signaling proteins involved in metabolic regulation, apoptosis, and intracellular signaling was found to be changed, providing the first evidence of the involvement of Sirtuin signaling pathway in insects' immune response to a virus infection. The results obtained from this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism and immune responses involved in CSBV infection, which in turn will contribute to the development of diagnostics and treatment for the diseases in honey bees.

SUBMITTER: Guo Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8208235 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:We determined the complete genome sequence of a sacbrood virus (SBV) infecting Indian honey bee (Apis cerana indica) from Tamil Nadu, India named as AcSBV-IndTN1. The genome of AcSBV-IndTN1 comprised of 8740 nucleotides, encoding a single large ORF containing 2849 amino acids flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Results of phylogenetic tree analysis based on complete genomes of SBV isolates indicated that the virus isolates from India isolated from the Asiatic honey bee A. cerana (AcSBVs) formed a separate group along with six Vietnam isolates and three Chinese isolates. The AcSBV-IndTN1 isolate showed closer genetic relationship with other isolates from India. The second major group had both AcSBVs and AmSBVs (virus isolated from European honey bee, Apis mellifera SBV) of Korea, China and Vietnam. The third and a distantly related group had AmSBVs of Australia, UK, USA and Korea. The results obtained from phylogenetic analysis were further supported with evolutionary distance analysis. AcSBV-IndTN1 isolate open reading frame had 95-99% amino acid sequence similarity with other Indian isolates and 92-96% with AcSBVs and AmSBVs of other geographical locations. In addition, sequence difference count matrix ranged from 154 to 907 nt among all the SBV isolates. This suggests that the virus isolates have evolved significantly in different geographical locations but isolates on different hosts in a given location/country are closely related. The high similarity in the genome among the AcSBV and AmSBV isolates indicate possible cross-infections and recombination of SBV isolates in Asian continent where both the honey bee species are reared in close proximity. Gene flow between SBV population indicating that an infrequent gene flow occur between them. The pattern of molecular diversity in SBV population revealed that the occurrence of recent population expansion of SBV. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of AcSBV from Tamil Nadu, India. This study provided an opportunity to establish the molecular evolution of SBV isolates and shall be useful in the development of diagnostics and effective disease control strategies.

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Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Antiviral Immunity Upon Sacbrood Virus Infection in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis cerana).

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