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Russian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported.

ABSTRACT: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and transition to a new forest inventory system, Russia has reported almost no change in growing stock (+ 1.8%) and biomass (+ 0.6%). Yet remote sensing products indicate increased vegetation productivity, tree cover and above-ground biomass. Here, we challenge these statistics with a combination of recent National Forest Inventory and remote sensing data to provide an alternative estimate of the growing stock of Russian forests and to assess the relative changes in post-Soviet Russia. Our estimate for the year 2014 is 111 ± 1.3 × 10⁹ m³, or 39% higher than the value in the State Forest Register. Using the last Soviet Union report as a reference, Russian forests have accumulated 1163 × 10⁶ m³ yr^-1 of growing stock between 1988-2014, which balances the net forest stock losses in tropical countries. Our estimate of the growing stock of managed forests is 94.2 × 10⁹ m³, which corresponds to sequestration of 354 Tg C yr^-1 in live biomass over 1988-2014, or 47% higher than reported in the National Greenhouse Gases Inventory.

SUBMITTER: Schepaschenko D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8211780 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Haiti has more forest than previously reported: land change 2000-2015.

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| S-EPMC7594639 | biostudies-literature

Herpes zoster recurrences more frequent than previously reported.

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Red Algal Mitochondrial Genomes Are More Complete than Previously Reported.

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Melatonin Suppression by Light in Humans Is More Sensitive Than Previously Reported.

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Altered growth conditions more than reforestation counteracted forest biomass carbon emissions 1990-2020.

Project description:Understanding the carbon (C) balance in global forest is key for climate-change mitigation. However, land use and environmental drivers affecting global forest C fluxes remain poorly quantified. Here we show, following a counterfactual modelling approach based on global Forest Resource Assessments, that in 1990-2020 deforestation is the main driver of forest C emissions, partly counteracted by increased forest growth rates under altered conditions: In the hypothetical absence of changes in forest (i) area, (ii) harvest or (iii) burnt area, global forest biomass would reverse from an actual cumulative net C source of c. 0.74 GtC to a net C sink of 26.9, 4.9 and 0.63 GtC, respectively. In contrast, (iv) without growth rate changes, cumulative emissions would be 7.4 GtC, i.e., 10 times higher. Because this sink function may be discontinued in the future due to climate-change, ending deforestation and lowering wood harvest emerge here as key climate-change mitigation strategies.

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Bacterial Interactomes: Interacting Protein Partners Share Similar Function and Are Validated in Independent Assays More Frequently Than Previously Reported.

Project description:Numerous affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and yeast two-hybrid screens have each defined thousands of pairwise protein-protein interactions (PPIs), most of which are between functionally unrelated proteins. The accuracy of these networks, however, is under debate. Here, we present an AP-MS survey of the bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris together with a critical reanalysis of nine published bacterial yeast two-hybrid and AP-MS screens. We have identified 459 high confidence PPIs from D. vulgaris and 391 from Escherichia coli Compared with the nine published interactomes, our two networks are smaller, are much less highly connected, and have significantly lower false discovery rates. In addition, our interactomes are much more enriched in protein pairs that are encoded in the same operon, have similar functions, and are reproducibly detected in other physical interaction assays than the pairs reported in prior studies. Our work establishes more stringent benchmarks for the properties of protein interactomes and suggests that bona fide PPIs much more frequently involve protein partners that are annotated with similar functions or that can be validated in independent assays than earlier studies suggested.

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An Improved Method for Extracting Viruses From Sediment: Detection of Far More Viruses in the Subseafloor Than Previously Reported.

Project description:Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and perform essential ecological functions in aquatic environments by mediating biogeochemical cycling and lateral gene transfer. Cellular life as well as viruses have been found in deep subseafloor sediment. However, the study of deep sediment viruses has been hampered by the complexities involved in efficiently extracting viruses from a sediment matrix. Here, we developed a new method for the extraction of viruses from sediment based on density separation using a Nycodenz density step gradient. The density separation method resulted in up to 2 orders of magnitude greater recovery of viruses from diverse subseafloor sediments compared to conventional methods. The density separation method also showed more consistent performance between samples of different sediment lithology, whereas conventional virus extraction methods were highly inconsistent. Using this new method, we show that previously published virus counts have underestimated viral abundances by up to 2 orders of magnitude. These improvements suggest that the carbon contained within viral biomass in the subseafloor environment may potentially be revised upward to 0.8-3.7 Gt from current estimates of 0.2 Gt. The vastly improved recovery of viruses indicate that viruses represent a far larger pool of organic carbon in subseafloor environments than previously estimated.

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Communicating new knowledge on previously reported genetic variants.

Project description:Genetic tests often identify variants whose significance cannot be determined at the time they are reported. In many situations, it is critical that clinicians be informed when new information emerges on these variants. It is already extremely challenging for laboratories to provide these updates. These challenges will grow rapidly as an increasing number of clinical genetic tests are ordered and as the amount of patient DNA assayed per test expands; the challenges will need to be addressed before whole-genome sequencing is used on a widespread basis.Information technology infrastructure can be useful in this context. We have deployed an infrastructure enabling clinicians to receive knowledge updates when a laboratory changes the classification of a variant. We have gathered statistics from this deployment regarding the frequency of both variant classification changes and the effects of these classification changes on patients. We report on the system's functionality as well as the statistics derived from its use.Genet Med advance online publication 5 April 2012.

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A point mutation in the agr locus caused previously reported phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

Project description:The role of Pantonâ??Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis is controversial. Here, we show that an unintended point mutation in the agr P2 promoter of S.aureus caused the phenotypes in gene regulation and murine pneumonia attributed to PVL by Labandeiraâ??Rey et al. (Science 315:1130â??3, 2007). In agreement with previous studies that failed to detect similar effects of PVL using communityâ??associated methicillinâ??resistant S. aureus strains, we found no significant impact of PVL on gene expression or pathogenesis after we repaired the mutation. These findings further contribute to the idea that PVL does not have a major impact on S. aureus pathogenesis and resolve debate about its role in murine infection models. Moreover, our results demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in an intergenic region can dramatically impact bacterial physiology and virulence. Finally, our work emphasizes the need to frequently evaluate the integrity of the S. aureus agr locus. 7 hour growth, with 5 different strain comparisons

2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-14394 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A point mutation in the agr locus caused previously reported phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

Project description:The role of Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis is controversial. Here, we show that an unintended point mutation in the agr P2 promoter of S.aureus caused the phenotypes in gene regulation and murine pneumonia attributed to PVL by Labandeira‐Rey et al. (Science 315:1130‐3, 2007). In agreement with previous studies that failed to detect similar effects of PVL using community‐associated methicillin‐resistant S. aureus strains, we found no significant impact of PVL on gene expression or pathogenesis after we repaired the mutation. These findings further contribute to the idea that PVL does not have a major impact on S. aureus pathogenesis and resolve debate about its role in murine infection models. Moreover, our results demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in an intergenic region can dramatically impact bacterial physiology and virulence. Finally, our work emphasizes the need to frequently evaluate the integrity of the S. aureus agr locus.

2009-12-31 | GSE14394 | GEO

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