Macular Vessel Density Changes in Young Adults With High Myopia: A Longitudinal Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shi Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8217628 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal changes in macular retinal and choroidal microvasculature in normal healthy and highly myopic eyes.MethodsSeventy-one eyes, including 32 eyes with high myopia and 39 healthy control eyes, followed for at least 12 months and examined using optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in at least 3 visits, were included in this study. Fovea-centered 6 × 6 mm scans were performed to measure capillary density (CD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC). The rates of CD changes in both groups were estimated using a linear mixed model.ResultsOver a mean 14-month follow-up period, highly myopic eyes exhibited a faster rate of whole image CD (wiCD) loss (-1.44%/year vs. -0.11%/year, P = 0.001) and CD loss in the outer ring of the DCP (-1.67%/year vs. -0.14%/year, P < 0.001) than healthy eyes. In multivariate regression analysis, baseline axial length (AL) was negatively correlated with the rate of wiCD loss (estimate = -0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.48 to -0.06, P = 0.012) and CD loss in the outer ring (estimate = -0.33, 95% CI = -0.56 to -0.11, P = 0.005), of the DCP. The CD reduction rates in the SCP and CC were comparable in both groups (all P values > 0.05).ConclusionsThe rate of CD loss in the DCP is significantly faster in highly myopic eyes than in healthy eyes and is related to baseline AL. The CD in the outer ring reduces faster in eyes with longer baseline AL.
| S-EPMC8648062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo characterize longitudinal changes in macular microvasculature as quantified from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes with and without high myopia.MethodsIn total, 63 and 61 POAG eyes with and without high myopia, respectively, underwent swept-source OCTA imaging in at least four follow-up visits at an ophthalmic center, with a scanning protocol of 3- × 3-mm centered at the fovea. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity, and vessel density (VD) in both the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) were measured. The rate of change in macular OCTA metrics over time was estimated using linear mixed-effects models in both groups of POAG eyes.ResultsThe mean follow-up time and number of visits were 27.72 ± 8.57 months and 8.5 (8 to 13) times, and 30.95 ± 10.19 months and 10 (8‒13) times in POAG eyes with and without high myopia, respectively. VD in the DCP reduced significantly more quickly in POAG eyes with high myopia than in those without high myopia (-5.14%/year vs. -3.71%/year, P = 0.008). Moreover, lower baseline VD in the DCP was significantly associated with faster VD reduction in POAG with high myopia eyes (P < 0.001). Conversely, the VD reduction rate in the SCP, FAZ area, and FAZ circularity in both the SCP and DCP were similar in both groups (all Ps > 0.05).ConclusionsVD in DCP reduced significantly more quickly in POAG eyes with high myopia over time. Density in the DCP reduced more quickly when baseline VD was low.
| S-EPMC7846949 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo describe the distribution of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness among Chinese young adults and report whether the decreased GCIPL thickness is associated with myopia.MethodsIn this study, we included Chinese young adults who underwent Cirrus spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). SD-OCT was used to measure average and minimum GCIPL thickness, and GCIPL thickness at all sectors. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), axial length (AL), and spherical equivalents (SE) were also measured.ResultsA total of 348 eyes were included in the analysis. Average GCIPL thickness showed a significant difference between myopes and emmetropes, with 87.89 ± 3.65 μm for emmetropic groups and 82.65 ± 4.96 μm for myopic groups. The GCIPL thickness was significantly thinner in myopia than in emmetropia at all locations (P < 0.05), affirming that myopia was associated with thinner GCIPL thickness (P = 0.001). The mean subfoveal CT also showed a significant difference between myopes and emmetropes, with 330.57 ± 9.43 μm for emmetropic groups and 265.98 ± 4.12 μm for myopic groups. GCIPL (OR 0.863, 95% CI, 0.785-0.949), AL (OR 2.499, 95% CI, 1.532-4.075) and intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR 1.250, 95% CI, 1.086-1.438) revealed significant associations with myopia. When adjusting for AL, IOP, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in the myopia subgroup, the GCIPL thickness remained positively associated.ConclusionsIn a specific Chinese young population, myopic eyes have measurably less macular GCIPL thickness than normal eyes. Decreasing GCIPL thickness may be associated with the progression of myopia.
| S-EPMC8026982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeMacular structure is poorly evaluated in early-treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU). To evaluate potential changes, we aimed to examine retinas of PKU patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with additional OCT angiography (OCTA) and compare the results to healthy controls.MethodsA total of 100 adults were recruited in this monocentric, case-control study: 50 patients with ETPKU (mean age: 30.66 ± 8.00 years) and 50 healthy controls (mean age: 30.45 ± 7.18 years). Macular thickness, vessel density and flow area of the right eye was assessed with spectral domain OCT angiography SD-OCT(A). Macular microstructural data between the ETPKU and control group was compared. In the ETPKU group, the relationship between visual functional parameters (best corrected visual acuity [VA], spherical equivalent [SE], contrast sensitivity [CS] and near stereoacuity) and microstructural alterations was examined. The dependency of OCT(A) values on serum phenylalanine (Phe) level was analysed.ResultsThere was significant average parafoveal and perifoveal total retinal layer thinning in ETPKU patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively), while the foveal region remained unchanged in the ETPKU group. Whole macular and parafoveal superficial capillary plexus density was significantly decreased in ETPKU compared to controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the foveal avascular zone, nonflow area, macular superficial and deep capillary plexus between the groups. The temporal parafoveal inner retinal layer thickness was found to negatively correlate with individual Phe levels (r = -0.35, p = 0.042). There was no difference in vascular density and retinal thickness in the subgroup analysis of patients with good therapy adherence compared to patients on a relaxed diet.ConclusionsDurable elevation in Phe levels are only partially associated with macular retinal structural changes. However, therapy adherence might not influence these ophthalmological complications.
| S-EPMC8121983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:To characterize the rate of macula vessel density loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma-suspect, and healthy eyes. DESIGN:Longitudinal, observational cohort from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. METHODS:One hundred eyes (32 POAG, 30 glaucoma-suspect, and 38 healthy) followed for at least 1 year with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) imaging on at least 2 visits were included. Vessel density was calculated in the macula superficial layer. The rate of change was compared across diagnostic groups using a multivariate linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS:Baseline macula vessel density was highest in healthy eyes, followed by glaucoma-suspect and POAG eyes (P < .01). The rate of vessel density loss was significantly different from zero in the POAG, but not in the glaucoma-suspect or healthy eyes. The mean rate of change in macula whole en face vessel density was significantly faster in glaucoma eyes (-2.23%/y) than in glaucoma-suspect (0.87%/y, P = .001) or healthy eyes (0.29%/y, P = .004). Conversely, the rate of change in ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was not significantly different from zero in any diagnostic group, and no significant differences in the rate of GCC change among diagnostic groups were found. CONCLUSIONS:With a mean follow-up of less than 14 months, eyes with POAG had significantly faster loss of macula vessel density than either glaucoma-suspect or healthy eyes. Serial OCT-A measurements also detected glaucomatous change in macula vessel density in eyes without evidence of change in GCC thickness.
| S-EPMC5610624 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study assessed changes in macular capillary vessel density and thickness associated with ocular silicone oil tamponade (SOT) following complex vitreoretinal surgery. A total of 23 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with intravitreal SOT were retrospectively enrolled, and a single eye was assessed in each participant. Furthermore, 20 patients who required silicone oil removal (SOR) were included. The macular capillary vessel density and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and retinal thickness was assessed by OCT. The results demonstrated that the macular capillary vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), the FAZ area and full retinal thickness were retained at a stable level following SOT (P>0.05), and also following SOR (P>0.05). Furthermore, the parafoveal (P=0.008), superior-hemi (P=0.007), temporal (P=0.015), superior (P=0.028) and nasal (P=0.002) inner retinal thickness decreased in the SOT group, whereas the inner retinal thickness was unaltered after SOR vs. baseline (P>0.05). In conclusion, silicone oil has no significant effect on macular capillary vessel density within a 6-month period but may compress and reduce the thickness of the inner retina.
| S-EPMC6923741 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although early glaucoma detection is important to prevent visual loss due to disease progression, its clinical diagnosis in highly myopic eyes is still difficult. Many studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) reported decreased vessel density (VD) in glaucomatous eyes compared to normal eyes. We evaluated the diagnostic ability of peripapillary VD and macular VD measured by OCTA, comparing them with conventional valuables such as peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured by OCT. We also calculated the average VD ratio (VDR) (average outer macular VD/average inner macular VD), superior VDR (superior outer macular VD/average inner macular VD), and inferior VDR (inferior outer macular VD/average inner macular VD). Totally, 169 eyes from 169 subjects were enrolled. Among OCTA measurements, the best diagnostic parameters were average VDR (AUROC: 0.852 and 0.909) and inferior VDR (AUROC: 0.820 and 0.941) in nonhighly and highly myopic eyes, respectively. Inferior VDR showed better diagnostic ability than most of the other OCT measurements including peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCIPL thickness in highly myopic eyes. Accordingly, OCTA measurements can be useful for diagnosing glaucoma in highly myopic eyes, especially when using calculated indices such as average VDR or inferior VDR.
| S-EPMC7033250 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim:This study aimed to investigate changes in mental health among young adults participating in an integrated mental health and vocational support intervention according to the Södertälje Supported Employment and Education model. Design:A prospective longitudinal pre-post intervention study of 12 months. Methods:Instruments on depressive symptoms, quality of life, empowerment, engagement in activities and sociodemographic characteristics were administered to 42 young adults aged 19-28 years with mood disorders. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess changes in mental health. Results:Statistically significant positive changes between baseline and 12 months were noted for quality of life and engagement in activities. Difference in empowerment scores neared significance and a statistical trend towards lower depression scores was seen, corresponding to moderate depression at baseline and less severe depression at 12 months. Conclusions:Integrated mental health and vocational services may support young adults' mental health and is suggested to be linked to their personal recovery and clinical recovery.
| S-EPMC7544838 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess (1) whether visual disturbances can be demonstrated with objective measures more often in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) than in orthopaedic controls and non-injured controls, (2) whether such objectively demonstrated disturbances change over time and (3) whether self-reported visual symptoms after mTBI correlate with objectively measurable changes in visuomotor performance.A prospective, controlled, observational study, with assessments planned 7-10 and 75-100 days after injury.Emergency department of a general hospital in Sweden.15 patients with mTBI, 15 patients with minor orthopaedic injury, 15 non-injured controls, aged 18-40 years.Visual examination, including assessment of visual acuity, accommodation, eye alignment, saccades and stereoacuity. Symptom assessment using Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS) and Rivermead PostConcussion Symptoms Questionnaire.Assessments were performed 4-13 and 81-322 days after injury (extended time frames for logistical reasons). No statistically significant difference was found between the mTBI and control groups regarding saccade performance and stereoacuity at any time point. The accommodative amplitude was significantly lower in the mTBI group compared with non-injured controls at baseline. 6 out of 13 patients with mTBI had accommodative insufficiency at follow-up. Near point of convergence in the mTBI group was receded at baseline and improved statistically significantly at follow-up. At baseline, patients with mTBI had significantly higher CISS score than orthopaedic and non-injured controls. For patients with mTBI, the CISS score correlated with fusional vergence.There were some transient measurable visual changes regarding convergence in patients with mTBI during the subacute period after the injury. Our findings of persistence of accommodative insufficiency in a considerable proportion of patients with mTBI suggest that this visual function should not be overlooked in clinical assessment.
| S-EPMC5829871 | biostudies-other
Project description:Myopia tends to develop and progress fastest during childhood, and the age of stabilization has been reported to be 15-16 years old. Thus, most studies on myopia have centered on children. Data on the refractive error profile in young adulthood - a time in life when myopia is thought to have stabilized and refractive error is unaffected by age-related pathology such as cataract - are limited. The Raine Study has been following a community-based cohort of young adults representative of the general Western Australia population since their prenatal periods in 1989-1991, with eye examinations performed when participants were 20 and 28 years old. At 20 years old, prevalence of myopia in the cohort was 25.8%. Using long-term trajectory of serum vitamin D levels and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area to objectively quantify sun exposure, the Raine Study confirmed a negative relationship between time spent outdoors and myopia prevalence. However, prospective studies are required to determine the amount of CUVAF area or serum vitamin D levels associated with time duration. Combining data from the Raine Study and several other cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies have confirmed a link between myopia and a genetic predisposition toward higher education. Several novel potential associations of myopia or ocular biometry were investigated, including fetal growth trajectory, which was found to be significantly associated with corneal curvature at 20 years. By age 28, myopia prevalence had increased to 33.2%. Between 20 and 28 years old, myopia progressed and axial length elongated, on average, by -0.041D/year and 0.02 mm/year, respectively. Smaller CUVAF area at follow-up, female sex, and parental myopia were significant risk factors for myopia incidence and progression between 20 and 28 years. Given the limited research in young adults, further investigations are warranted to confirm the Raine Study findings, as well as identify novel genetic or environmental factors of myopia incidence and progression in this age group.
| S-EPMC9092372 | biostudies-literature