Occupational profiling driven by online job advertisements: Taking the data analysis and processing engineering technicians as an example.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cao L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8219172 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Discrimination in the workplace is illegal, yet discriminatory practices remain a persistent global problem. To identify discriminatory practices in the workplace, job advertisement analysis was used by previous studies. However, most of those studies adopted content analysis by manually coding the text from a limited number of samples since working with a large scale of job advertisements consisting of unstructured text data is very challenging. Encountering those limitations, the present study involves text mining techniques to identify multiple types of direct discrimination on a large scale of online job advertisements by designing a method called Direct Discrimination Detection (DDD). The DDD is constructed using a combination of N-grams and regular expressions (regex) with the exact match principle of a Boolean retrieval model. A total of 8,969 online job advertisements in English and Bahasa Indonesia, published from May 2005 to December 2017 were collected from bursakerja-jateng.com as the data. The results reveal that the practices of direct discrimination still exist during the job-hunting process including gender, marital status, physical appearances, and religion. The most recurrent type of discrimination which occurs in job advertisements is based on age (66.27%), followed by gender (38.76%), and physical appearances (18.42%). Additionally, female job seekers are found as the most vulnerable party to experience direct discrimination during recruitment. The results exhibit female job seekers face complex jeopardy in particular job positions comparing to their male counterparts. Not only excluded because of their gender, but female job seekers also had to fulfil more requirements for getting an opportunity to apply for the jobs such as being single, still at a young age, complying specific physical appearances and particular religious preferences. This study illustrates the power and potential of optimizing computational methods on a large scale of unstructured text data to analyze phenomena in the social field.
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Project description:In Australia, each state and territory authority implements and enforces regulations regarding dog management-including the breeding and sale of dogs online-which is increasingly becoming the most popular method of obtaining pets. The aims for this study included: 1. Benchmarking regulatory compliance in online dog advertisements in Australia, and, 2. Understanding factors associated with regulatory compliance in online advertisements. We collected advertisements for dogs and puppies from Gumtree-one of Australia's most popular online trading platforms - on two separate days, two weeks apart (25 March and 8 April 2019). A total of 1735 unique advertisements were included in the dataset. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for microchipping, desexing and breeder identification number, and compliance levels. State laws requiring animals to be microchipped prior to sale and the inclusion of chip numbers in advertisements were found to be the biggest factor in increasing likelihood of microchipped animals in Gumtree advertisements, while desexing was more common in microchipped and older animals. The online ad was more likely to include a breeder ID if the dog was young, vaccinated, and advertised by a breeder rather than an owner. The findings from this study will assist regulators to make evidence-based decisions on managing online advertisements for companion animals. In the future, the benchmarking this study has presented will allow future analysis of the effectiveness of regulation changes.
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Project description:BackgroundImmunizing pharmacy technicians (IPTs) have become more prevalent in recent years, but their impact on community pharmacy practice has yet to be determined.ObjectivesDetermine the impact of implementing IPTs on vaccination volume in a community pharmacy chain and assess pharmacy staff's perspectives on the clinical abilities of IPTs and their impact on pharmacy workflow and job satisfaction.MethodsRetrospective data analysis comparing the number of vaccines administered in a supermarket pharmacy chain from September to March 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 in pharmacies with IPT(s) versus those without IPT(s). For the secondary objective, investigators developed and deployed two role-based mixed quantitative/qualitative surveys among pharmacy staff.ResultsPharmacies with IPT(s) observed a greater mean increase in vaccination volume from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021 versus those without IPTs (+159.35 vs. +104.57, p = 0.011). Among IPT survey respondents, 50/75 (66.7%) felt more satisfied with their job after receiving immunization training. Among pharmacist respondents, 80/119 (67.3%) felt that IPTs positively impacted their job satisfaction and 61.7% felt that pharmacist clinical services were either somewhat positively affected, or positively affected.ConclusionImplementing IPTs can increase the volume of vaccines administered in a chain pharmacy and may positively affect job satisfaction and pharmacy workflow.
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Project description:Structuring jobs into occupations is the first step for analysis tasks in many fields of research, including economics and public health, as well as for practical applications like matching job seekers to available jobs. We present a data resource, derived with natural language processing techniques from over 42 million unstructured job postings in the National Labor Exchange, that empirically models the associations between occupation codes (estimated initially by the Standardized Occupation Coding for Computer-assisted Epidemiological Research method), skill keywords, job titles, and full-text job descriptions in the United States during the years 2019 and 2021. We model the probability that a job title is associated with an occupation code and that a job description is associated with skill keywords and occupation codes. Our models are openly available in the sockit python package, which can assign occupation codes to job titles, parse skills from and assign occupation codes to job postings and resumes, and estimate occupational similarity among job postings, resumes, and occupation codes.
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Project description:Labor market transformations significantly affect the sphere of information technologies (IT) introducing new instruments, architectures, and frameworks. Employers operate with new knowledge domains which demand specific competencies from workers including combinations of both technical ("hard") and non-technical ("soft") skills. The educational system is now required to provide the alumni with up-to-date skill sets covering the latest labor market trends. However, there is a big concern about the self-adaptation of educational programs for meeting the companies' needs. Accordingly, frequent changes in job position requirements call for the tool for in-time categorization of vacancies and skills extraction. This study aims to show the demand for skills in the IT sphere in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region and discover the mapping between required skill sets and job occupations. The proposed methodology for skills identification uses natural language processing, hierarchical clustering, and association mining techniques. The results reveal explicit information about the combinations of "soft" and "hard" skills required for different professional groups. These findings provide valuable insights for supporting educational organizations, human resource (HR) specialists, and state labor authorities in the renewal of existing knowledge about skill sets for IT professionals. In addition, the provided methodology for labor market monitoring has a high potential to ensure effective matching of employees.
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Project description:This article presents data on occupational stress, job satisfaction, and job performance among male fertility patients. The data were collected from 11 November 2021 until 30 October 2022. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving a questionnaire development and survey. A sample of 309 was selected, using simple random sampling, from the pool of male patients that had undergone seminal fluid analysis (SFA) and received treatment from four private fertility clinics in Malaysia. Respondents were asked to give their consent by signing a consent form, for ethical research purposes. The questionnaire asked respondents about their demographics, sperm quality, occupational stress, job satisfaction, and job performance. The data could help other researchers to develop research on management issue in the context of male fertility, as well as organisations to maintain the health and welfare of their employees.
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Project description:Timely and accurate statistics on the labour market enable policymakers to rapidly respond to changing economic conditions. Estimates of job vacancies by national statistical agencies are highly accurate but reported infrequently and with time lags. In contrast, online job postings provide a high-frequency indicator of vacancies with less accuracy. In this study we develop a robust signal averaging algorithm to measure job vacancies using online job postings data. We apply the algorithm using data on Australian job postings and show that it accurately predicts changes in job vacancies over a 4.5-year period. We also show that the algorithm is significantly more accurate than using raw counts of job postings to predict vacancies. The algorithm therefore offers a promising approach to the timely and reliable measurement of changes in vacancies.
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Project description:BackgroundPsychosocial risk factors, among which job control has proved to be a key dimension, can have a negative impact on the health of workers. Various research projects have found a relationship between low levels of free time at work and stress and job satisfaction indicators.Objectivesto assess to what extent certain social and employment variables influence "job control".MethodsA descriptive study was carried out on a sample of workers to analyse the influence of certain socio-demographic and work-related variables on job control, by means of an assessment survey on psychosocial risk and the general state of workers' health. The tools used in this study were the COPSOQ-ISTAS 21 version 1.5 psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire and a specific survey on the perceived state of health.ResultsThree hundred fourteen workers were asked to participate in the study. One hundred and ninety workers completed the questionnaire and were finally included. For the "job control" variable, 47.4% of workers described their situation as good. The results show that workers with a higher educational level (+78%), who have seniority in the job, have a good understanding of their situation at work (+15%), and are employed as white collars (34%), are more likely to show high job control and, therefore, could be less at risk from psychosocial factors.ConclusionsThere are two parameters influencing "job control": social factors concerning educational level, and work situation factors, including seniority and being a white collar worker.
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Project description:BackgroundJob satisfaction of staff is an essential outcome variable in research when describing the work environment of successful hospitals. Numerous studies have evaluated the topic, but few previous studies have assessed the job satisfaction of all staff in hospital settings. It is important to discover if there are any unsatisfied groups of people working in hospitals, the aspects they are unsatisfied with and why. The aim of this study was to evaluate job satisfaction of all staff working at a Finnish university hospital, identify differences in job satisfaction between staff groups, and explore the relationship between their self-evaluated quality of work and job satisfaction.MethodsData were collected from 1424 employees of the hospital using the web-based Kuopio University Job Satisfaction Scale survey instrument in autumn 2010. The research data were analysed by using SPSS 19.0 for Windows. Frequency and percentage distributions, as well as mean values, were used to describe the data. A non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis test) was used to determine the significance of differences in scores between different groups of staff members and between quality evaluations.ResultsThe overall job satisfaction of the employees was good. They rated both motivating factors of their work and work welfare as excellent. The areas causing most dissatisfaction were work demands and participation in decision making. Physicians formed the most satisfied group, nurses and maintenance staff were the least satisfied, and office and administrative staff were fairly satisfied. Staff who rated the quality of work in their units as high usually also considered their job satisfaction to be excellent.ConclusionsEvery staff member has an influence on job satisfaction in her/his unit. A culture of participation should be developed and maintained in the units and the whole hospital to ensure that all staff feel they play important roles in the hospital. A university hospital is a complex, continuously changing work environment. Managers of the hospital should continuously evaluate job satisfaction and quickly react to the results gained.
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Project description:Job-related distress has been a focal concern in occupational health science. Job-related distress has a well-documented health-damaging and life-threatening character, not to mention its economic cost. In this article, we review recent developments in research on job-related distress and examine ongoing changes in how job-related distress is conceptualized and assessed. By adopting an approach that is theoretically, empirically, and clinically informed, we demonstrate how the construct of burnout and its measures, long favored in research on job-related distress, have proved to be problematic. We underline a new recommendation for addressing job-related distress within the long-established framework of depression research. In so doing, we present the Occupational Depression Inventory, a recently developed instrument devised to assess depressive symptoms that individuals specifically attribute to their work. We close our paper by laying out the advantages of a paradigm shift from burnout to occupational depression.
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