Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

20 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

What's Behind Image? Toward a Better Understanding of Image-Driven Behavior.

ABSTRACT: Our experimental design systematically varies image concerns in a dictator/trust game. In comparison to the baseline, we either decrease the role of self-image concerns (by providing an excuse for selfish behavior) or increase the role of social-image concerns (by conveying the transfer choice to a third person). In this set up, we analyze the underlying processes that motivate subjects to give less/more. Controlling for distributional preferences and expectations, our results indicate that moral emotions (guilt and shame) are a significant determinant of pro-social behavior. The disposition to guilt explains giving in the baseline, while it does not when an excuse for selfish behavior exists. Subjects' disposition to shame is correlated to giving when their choice is public and they can be identified. JEL Classifications: C72, C91, D03, D80.

SUBMITTER: Regner T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8219908 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Toward a Better Understanding of Different Dissolution Behavior of Starches in Aqueous Ionic Liquids at Room Temperature.

Project description:The purpose of this study was to understand the dissolution behavior of maize and potato starches in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]):water mixtures at room temperature. With an increasing ratio of ionic liquid (IL):water, the long- and short-range ordered structures and granule morphology of both starches were disrupted progressively. The multiscale structure of maize starch was disrupted completely after treatment with the [Emim][OAc]:water mixture of 6:4, indicating good dissolution performance of this mixture for maize starch. This mixture seemed to provide a balance between the viscosity of the solvent and availability of ions to disrupt starch H-bonds. The different dissolution behaviors of maize and potato starches in [Emim][OAc]:water mixtures were attributed to structural differences of the granule surfaces. Our results showed that the dissolution behavior of starches was affected by both starch sources and properties of [Emim][OAc]:water mixtures, which may provide guidance for the development of green technology for processing of biopolymers with low energy consumption.

| S-EPMC6648505 | biostudies-literature

Toward a Better Understanding of Potential Roles of Astrocytes in HIV-1-associated Neurocognitive Disorders

2009-08-05 | GSE17383 | GEO

Toward a Better Understanding of Potential Roles of Astrocytes in HIV-1-associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Project description:We present a microarray analysis of primary mouse astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 in culture. Results are compared with previous genomic studies of HIV-1 effect in human astrocytes and human and macaque brains. Day-two neonatal mouse astrocytes were exposed in triplicates to cell-free HIV-1/NL4-3 at m.o.i. of 1 and cultured for 24 hours. As control, cells were treated in triplicates with a mock virus concentrate at the same dilution (vol/vol) as the wild-type virus. As an example of large scale gene expression analysis we shall provide some details of the method; full description is in Kim et al. (S.-Y. Kim et al., 2004). Total RNA was prepared from cell cultures using the RNAeasy total RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, CA). RNA quality was assessed by electrophoresis and spectrophotometric analysis; between 1 and 10 µg of total RNA was used to generate a cDNA, and then 1 µg of cDNA product was used in an in vitro transcription reaction that contained biotinylated UTP and CTP. Twenty µg of full-length cRNA was fragmented and was subjected to gene expression analysis on the Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array chip. Affymetrix software was used to generate CHP files. Significance analysis was performed using ArrayAssist software (Stratagene).

2009-08-05 | E-GEOD-17383 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Toward a better understanding of brain lesions during metachromatic leukodystrophy evolution.

Project description:Background and purposeThe prospect of new therapies in MLD stresses the need to refine the indications for treatment. The aim of this study was, therefore, to perform a detailed analysis of MRI brain lesions at diagnosis and follow-up, to better understand the natural history of MLD.Material and methodsThis retrospective case-control study (2005-2010) looked at 13 patients with MLD (2-5 years of age) with 28 MRIs (mean follow-up, 2 years), compared with 39 age- and sex-matched controls. All MRIs were evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively. The Student t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis (P < .05).ResultsIn addition to diffuse symmetric supratentorial WM T2 hyperintensities with a tigroid pattern (70%) and T2 hyperintensities in the CC (100%) and internal capsules (46%), we found significant GM abnormalities such as thalamic T2 hypointensity (92%), thalamic (23%, P < .05, EJ) and caudate nuclei (23%, P < .05, EJ) atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy without WM involvement (15%). The pattern of splenium involvement progression was misleading, with initially diffuse high signal intensity, which later became curvilinear before finally progressing to atrophy (23%, P < .05; EJ). This should not be mistaken for a disease regression. Spectroscopy confirmed a decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio, an increase in the Cho/Cr ratio and in myo-inositol, and a lactate resonance.ConclusionsThalamic changes may be a common finding in MLD, raising the prospect of primary GM lesions. This may prove important when evaluating the efficacy of new treatments.

| S-EPMC7964756 | biostudies-literature

Why do mice squeak? Toward a better understanding of defensive vocalization.

Project description:Although mice mostly communicate in the ultrasonic range, they also emit audible calls. We demonstrate that mice selectively bred for high anxiety-related behavior (HAB) have a high disposition for emitting sonic calls when caught by the tail. The vocalization was unrelated to pain but sensitive to anxiolytics. As revealed by manganese-enhanced MRI, HAB mice displayed an increased tonic activity of the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Selective inhibition of the dorsolateral PAG not only reduced anxiety-like behavior but also completely abolished sonic vocalization. Calls were emitted at a fundamental frequency of 3.8 kHz, which falls into the hearing range of numerous predators. Indeed, playback of sonic vocalization attracted rats if associated with a stimulus mouse. If played back to HAB mice, sonic calls were repellent in the absence of a conspecific but attractive in their presence. Our data demonstrate that sonic vocalization attracts both predators and conspecifics depending on the context.

| S-EPMC9283514 | biostudies-literature

What's behind a P600? Integration operations during irony processing.

Project description:The combined knowledge of word meanings and grammatical rules does not allow a listener to grasp the intended meaning of a speaker's utterance. Pragmatic inferences on the part of the listener are also required. The present work focuses on the processing of ironic utterances (imagine a slow day being described as "really productive") because these clearly require the listener to go beyond the linguistic code. Such utterances are advantageous experimentally because they can serve as their own controls in the form of literal sentences (now imagine an active day being described as "really productive") as we employ techniques from electrophysiology (EEG). Importantly, the results confirm previous ERP findings showing that irony processing elicits an enhancement of the P600 component (Regel et al., 2011). More original are the findings drawn from Time Frequency Analysis (TFA) and especially the increase of power in the gamma band in the 280-400 time-window, which points to an integration among different streams of information relatively early in the comprehension of an irony. This represents a departure from traditional accounts of language processing which generally view pragmatic inferences as late-arriving. We propose that these results indicate that unification operations between the linguistic code and contextual information play a critical role throughout the course of irony processing and earlier than previously thought.

| S-EPMC3691266 | biostudies-literature

Toward a Better Understanding of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Radiolabeled PET Imaging Studies.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8978190 | biostudies-literature

Toward better understanding of artifacts in variant calling from high-coverage samples.

Project description:MotivationWhole-genome high-coverage sequencing has been widely used for personal and cancer genomics as well as in various research areas. However, in the lack of an unbiased whole-genome truth set, the global error rate of variant calls and the leading causal artifacts still remain unclear even given the great efforts in the evaluation of variant calling methods.ResultsWe made 10 single nucleotide polymorphism and INDEL call sets with two read mappers and five variant callers, both on a haploid human genome and a diploid genome at a similar coverage. By investigating false heterozygous calls in the haploid genome, we identified the erroneous realignment in low-complexity regions and the incomplete reference genome with respect to the sample as the two major sources of errors, which press for continued improvements in these two areas. We estimated that the error rate of raw genotype calls is as high as 1 in 10-15 kb, but the error rate of post-filtered calls is reduced to 1 in 100-200 kb without significant compromise on the sensitivity.Availability and implementationBWA-MEM alignment and raw variant calls are available at http://bit.ly/1g8XqRt scripts and miscellaneous data at https://github.com/lh3/varcmp.Contacthengli@broadinstitute.orgSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

| S-EPMC4271055 | biostudies-literature

Histopathology of Anterior Urethral Strictures: Toward a Better Understanding of Stricture Pathophysiology.

Project description:PurposeHistopathology can provide insights into disease mechanisms but to date it has been poorly described for urethral stricture. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively describe histopathological findings of stricture specimens obtained at the time of anterior urethroplasty.Materials and methodsAll pathological specimens of men who underwent anterior urethroplasty of urethral stricture disease from 2010 to 2017 at a single institution were rereviewed by a single blinded pathologist directed to rule out lichen sclerosus and then describe inflammatory cell type and severity when present. Cohorts comprising strictures with no inflammation, minimal to mild inflammation or moderate to severe inflammation were developed and stricture, patient and surgical outcome characteristics were compared.ResultsHistopathology slides from 100 anterior urethroplasty cases were reviewed. Two or more lichen sclerosus characteristics were present in 21% of specimens and 44% of specimens showed chronic inflammation, which was minimal in 20%, mild in 39%, moderate in 39% and severe in 2%. Lymphocytes in 86% of specimens and plasma cells in 12% were the predominant cell types. Patients with inflammatory stricture reported worse overall health. Inflammation was largely absent from isolated bulbomembranous strictures (9%) and more common in lichen sclerosus strictures (100%). The 11% overall failure rate was not affected by the presence (7%) or absence (14%) of inflammation.ConclusionsChronic inflammation is prevalent in a significant percent of urethral stricture disease specimens. Associations with worse overall health suggest systemic mediators. Absent inflammation in bulbomembranous strictures suggests a unique pathophysiology in this region. The presence of inflammation did not affect surgical outcomes at mid-term followup.

| S-EPMC6856362 | biostudies-literature

Toward a better understanding and quantification of methane emissions from shale gas development.

Project description:The identification and quantification of methane emissions from natural gas production has become increasingly important owing to the increase in the natural gas component of the energy sector. An instrumented aircraft platform was used to identify large sources of methane and quantify emission rates in southwestern PA in June 2012. A large regional flux, 2.0-14 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2), was quantified for a ∼ 2,800-km(2) area, which did not differ statistically from a bottom-up inventory, 2.3-4.6 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2). Large emissions averaging 34 g CH4/s per well were observed from seven well pads determined to be in the drilling phase, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than US Environmental Protection Agency estimates for this operational phase. The emissions from these well pads, representing ∼ 1% of the total number of wells, account for 4-30% of the observed regional flux. More work is needed to determine all of the sources of methane emissions from natural gas production, to ascertain why these emissions occur and to evaluate their climate and atmospheric chemistry impacts.

| S-EPMC4035982 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data