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Incremental and decremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing protocols produce similar maximum oxygen uptake in athletes.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O_2max) achieved during incremental and decremental protocols in highly trained athletes. Nineteen moderate trained runners and rowers completed, on separate days, (i) an initial incremental [Formula: see text]O_2max test (INC) on a treadmill, followed by a verification phase (VER); (ii) a familiarization of a decremental test (DEC); (iii) a tailored DEC; (iv) a test with decremental and incremental phases (DEC-INC); (v) and a repeated incremental test (INC_F). During each test [Formula: see text]O₂, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, heart and breath rates and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. No differences were observed in [Formula: see text]O_2max between INC (61.3 ± 5.2 ml kg^-1 min^-1) and DEC (61.1 ± 5.1 ml kg^-1 min^-1; average difference of ~ 11.58 ml min^-1; p = 0.831), between INC and DEC-INC (60.9 ± 5.3 ml kg^-1 min^-1; average difference of ~ 4.8 ml min^-1; p = 0.942) or between INC and INC_F (60.7 ± 4.4 ml kg^-1 min^-1; p = 0.394). [Formula: see text]O_2max during VER (59.8 ± 5.1 ml kg^-1 min^-1) was 1.50 ± 2.20 ml kg^-1 min^-1 lower (~ 2.45%; p = 0.008) compared with values measured during INC. The typical error in the test-to-test changes for evaluating [Formula: see text]O_2max over the five tests was 2.4 ml kg^-1 min^-1 (95% CI 1.4-3.4 ml kg^-1 min^-1). Decremental tests do not elicit higher [Formula: see text]O_2max than incremental tests in trained runners and rowers, suggesting that a plateau in [Formula: see text]O₂ during the classic incremental and verification tests represents the maximum ceiling of aerobic power.

SUBMITTER: de Sousa NMF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8222247 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundMaximal aerobic speed (MAS) is a useful parameter to assess aerobic capacity and estimate training intensity in middle- and long-distance runners. However, whether middle- and long-distance runners reach different levels of MAS compared to other endurance athletes with similar V̇O2max has not been previously studied. Therefore, we aimed to compare V̇O2max, MAS and spatiotemporal parameters between sub-elite middle- and long-distance runners (n = 6) and endurance non-runners (n = 6). In addition, we aimed to compare the maximal blood lactate concentration [BLa] experienced by participants after conducting these tests.MethodsTelemetric portable respiratory gas analysis, contact and flight time, and stride length and rate were measured using a 5-m contact platform during an incremental test at a synthetic athletics track. V̇O2, heart rate, respiratory quotient values in any 15 s average period during the test were measured. [BLa] was analyzed after the test . Running spatiotemporal parameters were recorded at the last two steps of each 400 m lap. A coefficient of variation (%CV) was calculated for each spatiotemporal variable in each participant from 8 km h-1 onwards.ResultsWhereas runners reported faster MAS (21.0 vs. 18.2 km h-1) than non-runners (p = 0.0001, ES = 3.0), no differences were found for V̇O2max and maximum blood lactate concentration during the running tests (p > 0.05). While significant increases in flight time and stride length and frequency (p < 0.001, 0.52 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.8) were observed throughout the tests, decreases in contact time (p < 0.001, ηp2=0.9 ) were reported. Runners displayed a greater %CV (p = 0.015) in stride length than non-runners. We conclude that middle- and long-distance runners can achieve a faster MAS compared to non-running endurance athletes despite exhibiting a similar V̇O2max. This superior performance may be associated to a greater mechanical efficiency. Overall, runners displayed a greater ability to modify stride length to achieve fast speeds, which may be related to a more mechanically efficient pattern of spatiotemporal parameters than non-runners.

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Incremental and decremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing protocols produce similar maximum oxygen uptake in athletes.

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