Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

24 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Cellular, Molecular, and Immunological Characteristics of Langhans Multinucleated Giant Cells Programmed by IL-15.

ABSTRACT: Langhans multinucleated giant cells (LGCs) are a specific type of multinucleated giant cell containing a characteristic horseshoe-shaped ring of nuclei that are present within granulomas of infectious etiology. Although cytokines that trigger macrophage activation (such as IFN-γ) induce LGC formation, it is not clear whether cytokines that trigger macrophage differentiation contribute to LGC formation. Here, we found that IL-15, a cytokine that induces M1 macrophage differentiation, programs human peripheral blood adherent cells to form LGCs. Analysis of the IL-15‒treated adherent cell transcriptome identified gene networks for T cells, DNA damage and replication, and IFN-inducible genes that correlated with IL-15 treatment and LGC-type multinucleated giant cell formation. Gene networks enriched for myeloid cells were anticorrelated with IL-15 treatment and LGC formation. Functional studies revealed that T cells were required for IL-15‒induced LGC formation, involving a direct contact with myeloid cells through CD40L-CD40 interaction and IFN-γ release. These data indicate that IL-15 induces LGC formation through the direct interaction of activated T cells and myeloid cells.

SUBMITTER: Wang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8223586 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Case report: Plasmablastic neoplasm with multinucleated giant cells-Analysis of stemness of the neoplastic multinucleated giant cells.

Project description:Cancer stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and multipotency and are, therefore, associated with tumor heterogeneity, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and metastasis. The hypothesis that multinucleated giant cells, which often emerge following chemo- and/or radiotherapy, serve as cancer stem cells has not been fully evaluated. Although a previous study demonstrated that these cells functioned as stem cells, only low levels of Yamanaka factors were expressed, contrasting with the high expression seen from their gestated first-generation mononuclear cells. Herein, we report a case of a plasmablastic neoplasm with multinucleated giant cells that were analyzed for stemness to test the above hypothesis. The patient was a male in his 80s who had a plasmablastic neoplasm that was not easily distinguishable as plasmablastic lymphoma versus plasma cell myeloma of plasmablastic type. Lymph node biopsy showed predominant mononuclear cell proliferation with admixed multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that both multinucleated and mononuclear cells had the same profile: CD138(+), light chain restriction of κ>λ, cyclin D1(+), CD68(-), EBER-ISH (+). These results suggested that both cell types were neoplastic. In accordance with the previous study, the multinucleated giant cells showed low expression of Yamanaka factors, which were highly expressed in some of the mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the multinucleated giant cells showed a much lower proliferative activity (Mib1/Ki67 index) than the mononuclear cells. Based on these results, the multinucleated giant cells were compatible with cancer stem cells. This case is expected to expand the knowledge base regarding biology of cancer stem cells.

| S-EPMC9745170 | biostudies-literature

Multinucleated giant cells from fibroblast cultures.

Project description:Many multinucleated giant cells are well-known to form from macrophage origin. Those formed from other cell types are less described, but may be as prevalent in pathological tissue. Giant multinucleated cells derived from secondary and primary fibroblast sources in various cultures with similar characteristics to foreign body giant cells are reported. Secondary-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts rapidly fuse within 24 h in contact co-cultures with RAW 264.7 immortalized macrophages, while 3T3 monocultures, non-contact (transwell) co-cultures, and macrophage-conditioned media-treated 3T3 monocultures all do not fuse. Primary-derived murine fibroblasts also form multinucleated cells, both in the presence or absence of co-cultured macrophages that increase during long-term culture (5-30 days). In contrast to 3T3 fusion, this primary cell phenomenon is not due to fibroblast fusion, but rather to nuclear division without cytokinesis. That these multinucleated fibroblasts can originate via different mechanisms may influence and distinguish their behaviors in conditions under which they may arise, including various in vitro culture assays, and in certain fibroblastic pathologies such as the foreign body response, fibrosis, cancer and aged tissue.

| S-EPMC3071287 | biostudies-literature

Cellular Events of Multinucleated Giant Cells Formation During the Encystation of <i>Entamoeba invadens</i>.

Project description:Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, does not form cysts in vitro, so reptilian pathogen Entamoeba invadens is used as an Entamoeba encystation model. During the in vitro encystation of E. invadens, a few multinucleated giant cells (MGC) were also appeared in the culture along with cysts. Like the cyst, these MGC's were also formed in the multicellular aggregates found in the encystation culture. Time-lapse live cell imaging revealed that MGC's were the result of repeated cellular fusion with fusion-competent trophozoites as a starting point. The early MGC were non-adherent, and they moved slowly and randomly in the media, but under confinement, MGC became highly motile and directionally persistent. The increased motility resulted in rapid cytoplasmic fissions, which indicated the possibility of continuous cell fusion and division taking place inside the compact multicellular aggregates. Following cell fusion, each nucleus obtained from the fusion-competent trophozoites gave rise to four nuclei with half genomic content. All the haploid nuclei in MGC later aggregated and fused to form a polyploid nucleus. These observations have important implications on Entamoeba biology as they point toward the possibility of E. invadens undergoing sexual or parasexual reproduction.

| S-EPMC6079502 | biostudies-literature

Monocyte progenitors give rise to multinucleated giant cells.

Project description:The immune response to mycobacteria is characterized by granuloma formation, which features multinucleated giant cells as a unique macrophage type. We previously found that multinucleated giant cells result from Toll-like receptor-induced DNA damage and cell autonomous cell cycle modifications. However, the giant cell progenitor identity remained unclear. Here, we show that the giant cell-forming potential is a particular trait of monocyte progenitors. Common monocyte progenitors potently produce cytokines in response to mycobacteria and their immune-active molecules. In addition, common monocyte progenitors accumulate cholesterol and lipids, which are prerequisites for giant cell transformation. Inducible monocyte progenitors are so far undescribed circulating common monocyte progenitor descendants with high giant cell-forming potential. Monocyte progenitors are induced in mycobacterial infections and localize to granulomas. Accordingly, they exhibit important immunological functions in mycobacterial infections. Moreover, their signature trait of high cholesterol metabolism may be piggy-backed by mycobacteria to create a permissive niche.

| S-EPMC8016882 | biostudies-literature

Cutting edge: microRNA regulation of macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells.

Project description:Cellular fusion of macrophages into multinucleated giant cells is a distinguishing feature of the granulomatous response to inflammation, infection, and foreign bodies (Kawai and Akira. 2011. Immunity 34: 637-650). We observed a marked increase in fusion of macrophages genetically deficient in Dicer, an enzyme required for canonical microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Gene expression profiling of miRNA-deficient macrophages revealed an upregulation of the IL-4-responsive fusion protein Tm7sf4, and analyses identified miR-7a-1 as a negative regulator of macrophage fusion, functioning by directly targeting Tm7sf4 mRNA. miR-7a-1 is itself an IL-4-responsive gene in macrophages, suggesting feedback control of cellular fusion. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-7a-1 functions to regulate IL-4-directed multinucleated giant cell formation.

| S-EPMC3381877 | biostudies-literature

Apoptotic mesenchymal stromal cells support osteoclastogenesis while inhibiting multinucleated giant cells formation in vitro.

Project description:In bone regeneration induced by the combination of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and calcium-phosphate (CaP) materials, osteoclasts emerge as a pivotal cell linking inflammation and bone formation. Favorable outcomes are observed despite short-term engraftments of implanted MSCs, highlighting their major paracrine function and the possible implication of cell death in modulating their secretions. In this work, we focused on the communication from MSCs towards osteoclasts-like cells in vitro. MSCs seeded on a CaP biomaterial or undergoing induced apoptosis produced a conditioned media favoring the development of osteoclasts from human CD14+ monocytes. On the contrary, MSCs' apoptotic secretion inhibited the development of inflammatory multinucleated giant cells formed after IL-4 stimulation. Components of MSCs' secretome before and after apoptotic stress were compared using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics and a complementary immunoassay for major cytokines. CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 ligands, primarily IL-8/CXCL-8 but also the growth-regulated proteins CXCL-1, -2 or -3, were suggested as the major players of MSCs' pro-osteoclastic effect. These findings support the hypothesis that osteoclasts are key players in bone regeneration and suggest that apoptosis plays an important role in MSCs' effectiveness.

| S-EPMC8190145 | biostudies-literature

Transition of podosomes into zipper-like structures in macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells.

Project description:Macrophage fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) is a multistage process that requires many adhesion-dependent steps and involves the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. The diversity of actin-based structures and their role in macrophage fusion is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed hitherto unrecognized actin-based zipper-like structures (ZLSs) that arise between MGCs formed on the surface of implanted biomaterials. We established an in vitro model for the induction of these structures in mouse macrophages undergoing IL-4-mediated fusion. Using this model, we show that over time MGCs develop cell-cell contacts containing ZLSs. Live-cell imaging using macrophages isolated from mRFP- or eGFP-LifeAct mice demonstrated that ZLSs are dynamic formations undergoing continuous assembly and disassembly and that podosomes are precursors of these structures. Immunostaining experiments showed that vinculin, talin, integrin αMβ2, and other components of podosomes are present in ZLSs. Macrophages deficient in WASp or Cdc42, two key molecules involved in actin core organization in podosomes, as well as cells treated with the inhibitors of the Arp2/3 complex, failed to form ZLSs. Furthermore, E-cadherin and nectin-2 were found between adjoining membranes, suggesting that the transition of podosomes into ZLSs is induced by bridging plasma membranes by junctional proteins.

| S-EPMC7543064 | biostudies-literature

Multinucleated Giant Hemocytes Are Effector Cells in Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Drosophila.

Project description:We identified and characterized a so far unrecognized cell type, dubbed the multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH), in the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae. Here, we describe the functional and ultrastructural characteristics of this novel blood cell type as well as its characterization with a set of discriminative immunological markers. MGHs are encapsulating cells that isolate and kill the parasite without melanization. They share some properties with but differ considerably from lamellocytes, the encapsulating cells of Drosophila melanogaster, the broadly used model organism in studies of innate immunity. MGHs are nonproliferative effector cells that are derived from phagocytic cells of the sessile tissue and the circulation, but do not exhibit phagocytic activity. In contrast to lamellocytes, MGHs are gigantic cells with filamentous projections and contain many nuclei, which are the result of the fusion of several cells. Although the structure of lamellocytes and MGHs differ remarkably, their function in the elimination of parasites is similar, which is potentially the result of the convergent evolution of interactions between hosts and parasites in different geographic regions. MGHs are highly motile and share several features with mammalian multinucleated giant cells, a syncytium of macrophages formed during granulomatous inflammation.

| S-EPMC6738834 | biostudies-literature

Cellular Immune Response Involving Multinucleated Giant Hemocytes with Two-Step Genome Amplification in the Drosophilid Zaprionus indianus.

Project description:Previously, a novel cell type, the multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) was identified in the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae. These cells share several features with mammalian multinucleated giant cells, a syncytium of macrophages formed during granulomatous inflammation. We were able to show that MGHs also differentiate in Zaprionus indianus, an invasive species belonging to the vittiger subgroup of the family, highly resistant to a large number of parasitoid wasp species. We have classified the MGHs of Z. indianusas giant hemocytes belonging to a class of cells which also include elongated blood cells carrying a single nucleus and anuclear structures. They are involved in encapsulating parasites, originate from the lymph gland, can develop by cell fusion, and generally carry many nuclei, while possessing an elaborated system of canals and sinuses, resulting in a spongiform appearance. Their nuclei are all transcriptionally active and show accretion of genetic material. Multinucleation and accumulation of the genetic material in the giant hemocytes represents a two-stage amplification of the genome, while their spongy ultrastructure substantially increases the contact surface with the extracellular space. These features may furnish the giant hemocytes with a considerable metabolic advantage, hence contributing to the mechanism of the effective immune response.

| S-EPMC7265743 | biostudies-literature

Factors influencing multinucleated giant cell formation in vitro.

Project description:Macrophages fuse together to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in granulomas associated with various pathological conditions. Improved in vitro methods are required to better enable investigations of MGC biology and potential contribution to disease. There is a need for standardization of MGC quantification, purification of MGC populations, and characterization of how cell culture variables influence MGC formation. This study examined solutions to address these needs while providing context with other current and alternative methods. Primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with interleukin-4, a cytokine known to induce fusion into MGC. This model was used to systematically assess the influence of cell stimulant timing, cell seeding density, colony stimulating factors, and culture vessel type. Results indicated that MGC formation is greatly impacted by alterations in certain culture variables. An assessment of previously published research showed that these culture conditions varied widely between different laboratories, which may explain inconsistencies in the literature. A particularly novel and unexpected observation was that MGC formation appears to be greatly increased by silicone, which is a component of a chamber slide system commonly used for MGC studies. The most successful quantification method was fluorescent staining with semi-automated morphological evaluation. The most successful enrichment method was microfiltration. Overall, this study takes steps toward standardizing in vitro methods, enhancing replicability, and guiding investigators attempting to culture, quantify, and enrich MGC.

| S-EPMC6874761 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data