Knowledge of Medical Students and Medical Professionals Regarding Nutritional Deficiencies in Patients with Celiac Disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dembinski L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8224609 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem and is often treated by non-nephrologists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of non-nephrologists, undergraduate medical students and health professionals regarding AKI.MethodsAn unsupervised and closed-response electronic questionnaire was sent to sixth-year medical students and non-nephrologist health professionals working in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.ResultsA total of 424 responses were returned from 650 invitations (40.1% males, 39.2% physicians, 34.0% senior medical students or resident physicians, 16.3% nurses and 10.6% pharmacists). The knowledge of medical students and health professionals about the prevalence and lethality of AKI in hospitals ranged from 40.8% to 59.2%. The most recognized susceptibilities and risk factors for AKI were sepsis/septic shock (95.0%) and diabetes mellitus (91.3%); the less-recognized susceptibilities and risk factors were exposure to gadolinium-based contrast (23.3%) and chronic liver disease (55.7%). The study participants' rate of knowledge regarding the diagnosis of AKI was 50.9-73.6%, and their rate of knowledge regarding the criteria of increased serum creatinine and reduced urine volume was 52.6%. The most-recognized nephrotoxic medications were vancomycin (82.3%) and diclofenac (80.4%), and the least-recognized were acyclovir (34.0%) and cotrimoxazole (30.4%). The indications for emergency renal replacement therapy that were recognized by the study respondents were metabolic acidosis (82.3%), uremic syndrome (81.6%), hyperkalemia unresponsive to clinical treatment (78.1%) and acute pulmonary edema (71.6%).ConclusionThe study showed knowledge gaps that can impact patient care and can be used to guide professional training programs.
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Project description:BackgroundDocumentation and diagnosis of childhood obesity in primary care is poor and providers are often unfamiliar with guidelines. This lack of knowledge may be attributed to insufficient training in medical school and residency; however, no studies have evaluated medical students' knowledge of recommendations.MethodsWe distributed a modified version of the Physician Survey of Practice on Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight Control to medical students at a single university. Descriptive analyses assessed knowledge and attitudes of childhood obesity and diabetes.ResultsOf the 213 participating students, 74% indicated being unfamiliar with obesity screening recommendations. Few correctly identified BMI percentile cut-points for child overweight (21.2%), obesity (23.7%), and normal weight (29.4%). They reported screening glucose 4.5?years earlier in patients with risk factors compared to those without (p?<?0.001).ConclusionsAlthough students recognized the need for earlier diabetes screening in children with risk factors, we determined that overall, student knowledge of obesity-related preventative care was inadequate.
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Project description:BackgroundTo assess knowledge and attitudes regarding elective oocyte cryopreservation among female undergraduate students (UG) and medical students (MS) in Eastern Virginia.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional study surveying female UG at a local university and MS at our academic medical center in May of 2017. The survey contained questions on demographic information, interest in fertility preservation, and knowledge about age related changes in fertility.ResultsThere were 74 of 102 female UG and 95 of 117 female MS who responded, for a response rate of 73 and 81% respectively. UG were significantly younger than MS (21.4 vs 26.8, p < 0.001). Further, UG generally planned on conceiving at a younger age than MS (age 26-30 vs 31-35), and favored younger ages to consider oocyte cryopreservation (age 26-30 vs 31-35). Only a minority of both UG and MS were willing to undergo egg freezing at the current price of approximately $10,000 (15% vs 26% respectively, p = 0.044). Moreover, 73% of students overall responded that they would be more likely to freeze oocytes if their employer paid. Notably, both UG and MS underestimated age of fertility decline.ConclusionBoth UG and MS revealed a need for education on age-related changes in fertility. Most UG and MS would not undergo elective oocyte cryopreservation at the present cost but would consider it at a lower cost.
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Project description:Marijuana use for medical purposes dates back to ancient times. Despite its high therapeutic potential, its adverse effects have raised important legal restrictions. However, this situation in Spain may soon undergo significant changes, without anyone so far having studied the knowledge and/or the level of acceptance of medical marijuana by future healthcare professionals. The aim of the present study was to determine nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes towards medical marijuana. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 578 nursing students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), ≥18 years old and of both sexes, were invited to complete the Spanish version of the questionnaire "Medical Marijuana" between January and May 2019. A total of 364 students decided to participate in the study. More than 75% of the students agreed with the legalization of medical marijuana, although their knowledge and confidence levels regarding efficacy, safety and drug interactions of medical marijuana were low. Nursing students showed a clear lack of knowledge about medical marijuana and thus, in light of possible regulatory changes, it would be necessary to strengthen the training of nurses with respect to medical marijuana in order to make responsible use of it.
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Project description:PurposeA knowledge gap exists between general physicians and specialists in diagnosing and managing Alzheimer disease (AD). This gap is concerning due to the estimated rise in prevalence of AD and cost to the health care system. Medical school is a viable avenue to decrease the gap, educating future physicians before they specialize. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of students in their first and final years of medical school.MethodsFourteen participating United States medical schools used e-mail student rosters to distribute an online survey of a quantitative cross-sectional assessment of knowledge about AD; 343 students participated. Knowledge was measured using the 12-item University of Alabama at Birmingham AD Knowledge Test for Health Professionals. General linear models were used to examine the effect of demographic variables and previous experience with AD on knowledge scores.ResultsOnly 2.5% of first year and 68.0% of final year students correctly scored ten or more items on the knowledge scale. Personal experience with AD predicted higher knowledge scores in final year students (P= 0.027).ConclusionKnowledge deficiencies were common in final year medical students. Future studies to identify and evaluate the efficacy of AD education programs in medical schools are warranted. Identifying and disseminating effective programs may help close the knowledge gap.
| S-EPMC3674970 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRadiation protection is the core of radiography for safe radiation-based imaging practice. This study aims to determine the knowledge of radiation protection among radiology professionals and students in a medical college of Nepal.Material and methodsA questionnaire survey was carried out among 35 radiology staff and students at Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The questionnaire survey consisted of socio-demographic variables and 17 questions, 3 questions were related to general information regarding training, knowledge, and experience and the remaining 14 multiple choice questions (MCQ) were related to radiation protection. Data were analyzed in SPSS Statistics software, version 27. The p-value was set at 5% level of significance. Nonparametric tests were applied since the data did not follow normal distribution. The knowledge score were categorized into lesser than 60 % inadequate, 60-80 % adequate and greater than or equal to 80 % excellent.ResultsOut of total 35 participants, 28 were male and 7 were female with mean age 26.09 ± 7.18 years, range 18-54. The average radiation level of awareness was 9.6 (68.57 %), which was adequate, maximum 13 and minimum 4. There was not statistical significance of knowledge score by gender, age groups, work experience and studentship. Taking academic qualification, the level of knowledge of diploma graduates was inadequate 7.76 (55.42 %), and lower than other higher academic qualifications.ConclusionsAdequate radiation protection course materials and training should be introduced for diploma graduates. Continuing professional education (CME) should be organized regularly. Moreover, radiation protection law is a must in Nepal now.
| S-EPMC7691545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAsian Americans (AsAm) are a rapidly growing population in the U.S. With this growing population, U.S. healthcare providers must be equipped to provide culturally competent care for AsAm patients. This project surveyed U.S. medical students on their knowledge of and attitudes towards AsAm to assess predictors of readiness to care for AsAm patients.MethodThis cross-sectional study surveyed medical students who had completed at least one clinical rotation. The survey was distributed online to nine medical schools throughout the U.S. The survey measured self-rated knowledge of, comfort with, cultural competency (CC) towards, and explicit biases towards AsAm patients. The first three domains were analyzed in a multivariate regression model including sociodemographic characteristics and past clinical, curricular, and social experiences with AsAm. Explicit bias questions were reported descriptively.ResultsThere were 688 respondents. Asian race, AsAm-prevalent hometown, AsAm-related extracurricular activities, Asian language knowledge, and having taken a population health course predicted increased AsAm knowledge. Social interactions with AsAm increased comfort with AsAm patients. Increasing year in medical school, more frequent exposure to AsAm patients on rotations, and prior travel to an Asian country were predictors of increased CC toward AsAm. Importantly, having completed a CC course was a significant predictor in all domains. In terms of explicit bias, students felt that AsAm patients were more compliant than Caucasian patients. Students also believed that Caucasian patients were generally more likely to receive self-perceived "preferred" versus "acceptable" care, but that in their own clinical experiences neither group received preferred care.ConclusionExperience with and exposure to AsAm prior to and during medical school and CC courses may increase medical student knowledge, comfort, and CC with AsAm patients. Standardized and longitudinal CC training, increased simulations with AsAm patients, diverse student recruitment, and support for students to engage in AsAm-related activities and interact with AsAm may improve CC of future physicians towards AsAm patients and possibly other minority populations.
| S-EPMC7937206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and healthcare systems worldwide. The disease can cause life-threatening conditions and it presents challenges for medical education, as instructors must deliver lectures safely, while ensuring the integrity and continuity of the medical education process. It is therefore important to assess the usability of online learning methods, and to determine their feasibility and adequacy for medical students. We aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical students regarding electronic medical education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with medical students from more than 13 medical schools in Libya. A paper-based and online survey was conducted using email and social media. The survey requested demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as information related to medical online learning and electronic devices; medical education status during the COVID-19 pandemic; mental health assessments; and e-learning knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 3,348 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Most respondents (64.7%) disagreed that e-learning could be implemented easily in Libya. While 54.1% of the respondents agreed that interactive discussion is achievable by means of e-learning. However, only 21.1% agreed that e-learning could be used for clinical aspects, as compared with 54.8% who disagreed with this statement and 24% who were neutral. Only 27.7% of the respondents had participated in online medical educational programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 65% reported using the internet for participating in study groups and discussions. There is no vaccine for COVID-19 yet. As such, the pandemic will undeniably continue to disrupt medical education and training. As we face the prospect of a second wave of virus transmission, we must take certain measures and make changes to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on medical education and on the progression of training. The time for change is now, and there should be support and enthusiasm for providing valid solutions to reduce this disruption, such as online training and virtual clinical experience. These measures could then be followed by hands-on experience that is provided in a safe environment.
| S-EPMC7688124 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Objectives:Young people are the main group at risk of HIV/AIDS due to factors such as curiosity, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and skills, unsafe sexual behaviors, and drug abuse. The present study was conducted to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among medical and non-medical students in Iran. Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a population consisting of the students of Shahid Beheshti University (SBU) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). A total of 303 students were randomly selected from the two universities. Data were collected using a researcher-made HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney's U-test, the ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS-18. P<0.05 was set as the level of significance for all the tests. Findings:The frequencies of marital status, education, smoking, alcohol and psychotropic substance use, employment status, and source of information differed significantly between the medical and non-medical students. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding knowledge (P<0.001) and practice (P=0.019) regarding HIV/AIDS. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their attitude toward HIV/AIDS (P=0.503). The results of the ANOVA revealed a significant correlation between marital status and practice (P=0.022), education and attitude (P=0.004), and smoking and knowledge (P=0.008) among the medical students. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among the non-medical students (P>0.005). Conclusion:The present findings showed that designing and developing appropriate educational programs, offered through group media, scientific seminars, courses, lectures, and group discussions, can be effective in enhancing the students' knowledge and changing their attitudes and should be incorporated into healthcare programs.
| S-EPMC7196211 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Management of diet-related chronic diseases may benefit from improved nutrition education of medical students. This study aims to investigate the effects of a nutrition education course on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling in Dutch medical students. DESIGN:This is a pre-post intervention study with a comparison group. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling. PARTICIPANTS:In total, 118 medical students (64.4% undergraduate, 73.2% women) were recruited from two medical schools in the Netherlands (n=66 intervention group, n=52 comparison group). INTERVENTION:The intervention group completed a 25-hour course in nutritional counselling (the Students Experienced in Lifestyle and Food (SELF) course) in addition to the standard medical curriculum. The comparison group followed the standard medical curriculum. OUTCOME MEASURES:Self-reported nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling, including attitude, self-efficacy and social support. RESULTS:Nutritional knowledge (B: 2.42, 95%?CI 1.81 to 3.02), attitude in men (B: 0.50, 95%?CI 0.13 to 0.87) and self-efficacy (B: 0.78, 95%?CI 0.62 to 0.95) significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. No significant differences were found for social support (B: 0.20, 95%?CI -0.02 to 0.43) and attitude in women (B: 0.08, 95%?CI -0.24 to 0.31) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS:The SELF course increased medical students' nutritional knowledge and stimulated their intentions towards nutritional counselling. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of nutrition education interventions on physician practice patterns and patient outcomes.
| S-EPMC7200028 | biostudies-literature