Dataset Information

Geographical Variation in Coxiella burnetii Seroprevalence in Dairy Farms Located in South-Western Ethiopia: Understanding the Broader Community Risk.

ABSTRACT: Q fever is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Coxiella burnetii and leads to abortion and infertility in ruminants and debilitating disease in humans. Jimma zone, including Jimma town, located in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, was affected by an outbreak of abortions in ruminants related to Q fever infection between 2013 and 2015. This study aimed to investigate the geo-clustering of C. burnetii seroprevalence in dairy farms of Jimma town and identify the environmental risk factors associated with seroprevalence distribution. A total of 227 cattle were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii in 25 farms. We explored the clustering of C. burnetii seroprevalence using semivariograms. A geostatistical regression-based model was implemented to quantify the risk factors and to predict the geographical variation in C. burnetii seroprevalence at unsampled locations in Jimma town using OpenBugs. Our results demonstrated that the risk of exposure in dairy cattle varied across the landscape of Jimma town and was associated with environmental risk factors. The predictive map of C. burnetii seroprevalence showed that communities in the eastern part of Jimma town had the highest risk of exposure. Our results can inform community-level investigations of human seroprevalence in the high-risk areas to the east of Jimma.

SUBMITTER: Proboste T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8224686 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Geographical Variation in Coxiella burnetii Seroprevalence in Dairy Farms Located in South-Western Ethiopia: Understanding the Broader Community Risk.

Proboste Tatiana T Deressa Feyissa Begna FB Li Yanjin Y Kal David Onafruo DO Gelalcha Benti Deressa BD Soares Magalhães Ricardo J RJ

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20210523 6

Q fever is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Coxiella burnetii and leads to abortion and infertility in ruminants and debilitating disease in humans. Jimma zone, including Jimma town, located in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, was affected by an outbreak of abortions in ruminants related to Q fever infection between 2013 and 2015. This study aimed to investigate the geo-clustering of C. burnetii seroprevalence in dairy farms of Jimma town and identify the environmental risk facto ...[more]

PMID: 34071090

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Project description:The objectives of this work were as follows: (i) the evaluation of the prevalence of detection of genetic material of Coxiella burnetii in the bulk tank milk of sheep and goat farms in Greece and (ii) the investigation of variables related to the management applied in farms as possible predictors for this. The presence of C. burnetii genetic material was studied in the bulk tank milk of 325 sheep and 119 goat farms throughout the country. For qualitative and quantitative identification of the genetic material of the pathogen, a commercially available real-time PCR was used. In total, 45 parameters were assessed for potential association with the detection of the pathogen: these referred to the management system, infrastructure, health management, animals, production characteristics, and human resources on the farms. Genetic material of the pathogen was detected in bulk tank milk samples from nine sheep (2.8%) and six goat (5.0%) farms. Genetic material was at significantly higher median concentrations in samples from goat farms than from sheep farms, 1,078,096 (min: 181,121, max: 2,331,386) versus 15,728 (min: 507, max: 505,852) GE mL-1, respectively. For sheep farms, the intensive or semi-intensive management system applied in farms (p = 0.003), and for goat farms, the intensive or semi-intensive management system applied in farms (p = 0.0007) and the smaller number of annual veterinary visits to farms (p = 0.044) emerged as significant predictors. Among sheep farms managed under the intensive or semi-intensive system, the lack of accessory barns on farms (p = 0.024) emerged as a significant predictor; no significant predictor could be found among goat farms under such management systems. There was no significant difference in production outcomes between farms in which C. burnetii was or was not detected in the bulk tank milk; also, there was no association between the detection of C. burnetii and the annual incidence rate of cases of abortion on the farms. The results suggest that the risk of transfer of C. burnetii to dairy products from sheep and goat milk appears to be small, but not negligible, which indicates that the pasteurization of milk from small ruminants must be carried out consistently and correctly to ensure the safety of the product.

Project description:Coxiella burnetii is the causative bacterium of the zoonotic disease Q fever, which is recognised as a public health concern globally. Macropods have been suggested as a potential source of C. burnetii infection for humans. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii exposure in a cohort of Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWRs) and assess Q fever disease and vaccination status within this population. Blood samples were collected from adult participants attending the Australian Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference in Sydney in July 2018. Participants completed a questionnaire at the time of blood collection. Antibody titres (IgG, IgA and IgM) against phase I and phase II C. burnetii antigens as determined by immunofluorescence assay, revealed that of the unvaccinated participants, 6.1% (9/147) had evidence of exposure to C. burnetii. Of the total participants, 8.1% (13/160) had received Q fever vaccination, four of whom remained seropositive at the time of blood collection. Participants reporting occupational contact with ruminants, were eight times more likely to have been vaccinated against Q fever, than those reporting no occupational animal contact (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.85-45.08). Three AWRs (2%) reported having had medically diagnosed Q fever, two of whom remained seropositive at the time of blood collection. Despite the lack of association between macropod contacts and C. burnetii seropositivity in this cohort, these findings suggest that AWRs are approximately twice as likely to be exposed to C. burnetii, compared with the general Australian population. This provides support for the recommendation of Q fever vaccination for this potentially 'at-risk' population. The role of macropods in human Q fever disease remains unclear, and further research into C. burnetii infection in macropods including: infection rate and transmission cycles between vectors, macropods as reservoirs, other animals and humans is required.

Dataset Information

Geographical Variation in Coxiella burnetii Seroprevalence in Dairy Farms Located in South-Western Ethiopia: Understanding the Broader Community Risk.

Publications

Geographical Variation in <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> Seroprevalence in Dairy Farms Located in South-Western Ethiopia: Understanding the Broader Community Risk.

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