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Fgr kinase is required for proinflammatory macrophage activation during diet-induced obesity.

ABSTRACT: Proinflammatory macrophages are key in the development of obesity. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate the Fgr tyrosine kinase, also contribute to obesity. Here we show that ablation of Fgr impairs proinflammatory macrophage polarization while preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Systemic ablation of Fgr increases lipolysis and liver fatty acid oxidation, thereby avoiding steatosis. Knockout of Fgr in bone marrow (BM)-derived cells is sufficient to protect against insulin resistance and liver steatosis following HFD feeding, while the transfer of Fgr-expressing BM-derived cells reverts protection from HFD feeding in Fgr-deficient hosts. Scavenging of mitochondrial peroxides is sufficient to prevent Fgr activation in BM-derived cells and HFD-induced obesity. Moreover, Fgr expression is higher in proinflammatory macrophages and correlates with obesity traits in both mice and humans. Thus, our findings reveal the mitochondrial ROS-Fgr kinase as a key regulatory axis in proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophage activation, diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and liver steatosis.

SUBMITTER: Acin-Perez R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8225238 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CD226 knockout alleviates high-fat diet induced obesity by suppressing proinflammatory macrophage phenotype.

Project description:Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, contributing to an increasing prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), and steatohepatitis. Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) would switch to pro-inflammatory M1 state during obesity, causing local and systemic inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanism of ATMs has not yet been well described within this process. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity model, we found that the costimulatory molecule CD226 was highly expressed on ATMs and knockout (KO) of CD226 alleviated obesity caused by HFD. Loss of CD226 reduced the accumulation of ATMs and hindered macrophage M1 polarization, with lower serum proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, deficiency of CD226 on ATMs decreased the phosphorylation levels of VAV1, AKT, and FOXO1 and thereby upregulated PPAR-γ. Further administration of PPAR-γ inhibitor restored M1 phenotype in CD226KO ATMs. In summary, loss of CD226 alleviates the HFD-induced obesity and systemic inflammation through inhibition of the accumulation and M1 polarization of ATMs in which PPAR-γ-dependent signaling pathway is involved, suggesting that CD226 may be identified as a potential molecular target for the clinical treatment of obesity.

| S-EPMC8620575 | biostudies-literature

ANT2 drives proinflammatory macrophage activation in obesity.

Project description:Macrophage proinflammatory activation is an important etiologic component of the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), mediates proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity. Ant2 expression was increased in ATMs of obese mice compared with lean mice. Myeloid-specific ANT2-knockout (ANT2-MKO) mice showed decreased adipose tissue inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in HFD/obesity. At the molecular level, we found that ANT2 mediates free fatty acid-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, leading to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and damage. In turn, this increased HIF-1α expression and NF-κB activation, leading to proinflammatory macrophage activation. Our results provide a previously unknown mechanism for how obesity induces proinflammatory activation of macrophages with propagation of low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation).

| S-EPMC8564915 | biostudies-literature

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OGT suppresses macrophage proinflammatory activation

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2020-07-22 | GSE145720 | GEO

Role of microRNA in CB1 antagonist-mediated regulation of adipose tissue macrophage polarization and chemotaxis during diet-induced obesity.

Project description:Although cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists have been shown to attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and associated inflammation, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. In the current study, we investigated the role of microRNA (miR) in the regulation of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) phenotype following treatment of DIO mice with the CB1 antagonist SR141716A. DIO mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then treated daily with SR141716A (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks while continuing HFD. Treated mice experienced weight loss, persistent reduction in fat mass, improvements in metabolic profile, and decreased adipose inflammation. CB1 blockade resulted in down-regulation of several miRs in ATMs, including the miR-466 family and miR-762. Reduced expression of the miR-466 family led to induction of anti-inflammatory M2 transcription factors KLF4 and STAT6, whereas down-regulation of miR-762 promoted induction of AGAP-2, a negative regulator of the neuroimmune retention cues, Netrin-1 and its coreceptor UNC5B. Furthermore, treatment of primary macrophages with SR141716A up-regulated KLF4 and STAT6, reduced secretion of Netrin-1, and increased migration toward the lymph node chemoattractant CCL19. These studies demonstrate for the first time that CB1 receptor blockade attenuates DIO-associated inflammation through alterations in ATM miR expression that promote M2 ATM polarization and macrophage egress from adipose tissue. The current study also identifies additional novel therapeutic targets for diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorder.

| S-EPMC6514622 | biostudies-literature

Protein Modifications Driven by Nitric Oxide and Nitroxyl during Macrophage Proinflammatory Activation

Project description:Proinlfammatory stimulation of murine macrophages elicits profound metabolic changes. iNOS-derived Nitric oxide (NO) is both necessary and sufficient for the repression of OXPHOS and major mitochondrial rewiring of carbon fluxes during M1 polarization. Since inflammation results in broad proteomics changes with oxidative modifications of specific targets, we aim to understand how this is managed in absence of this important endogenous gas and its derived reductive nitrogen species like nitroxyl (HNO). We used proteomics to detail the mitochondrial proteome expression and status of cysteine modifications underlying proinflammatory stimulation and identified distinct targets of reversible and irreversible cysteine oxidations during this process in presence and absence of NOS2, RNS donors, and in exacerbating conditions of oxidative stress.

2023-07-03 | MSV000092336 | MassIVE

OGT suppresses macrophage proinflammatory activation

Project description:OGT suppresses macrophage proinflammatory activation

| PRJNA607991 | ENA

Intracellular lipid metabolism impairs ? cell compensation during diet-induced obesity.

Project description:The compensatory proliferation of insulin-producing ? cells is critical to maintaining glucose homeostasis at the early stage of type 2 diabetes. Failure of ? cells to proliferate results in hyperglycemia and insulin dependence in patients. To understand the effect of the interplay between ? cell compensation and lipid metabolism upon obesity and peripheral insulin resistance, we eliminated LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a pleiotropic mediator of cholesterol, insulin, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes, in ? cells. Upon high-fat diet exposure, LRP1 ablation significantly impaired insulin secretion and proliferation of ? cells. The diminished insulin signaling was partly contributed to by the hypersensitivity to glucose-induced, Ca2+-dependent activation of Erk and the mTORC1 effector p85 S6K1. Surprisingly, in LRP1-deficient islets, lipotoxic sphingolipids were mitigated by improved lipid metabolism, mediated at least in part by the master transcriptional regulator PPAR?2. Acute overexpression of PPAR?2 in ? cells impaired insulin signaling and insulin secretion. Elimination of Apbb2, a functional regulator of LRP1 cytoplasmic domain, also impaired ? cell function in a similar fashion. In summary, our results uncover the double-edged effects of intracellular lipid metabolism on ? cell function and viability in obesity and type 2 diabetes and highlight LRP1 as an essential regulator of these processes.

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Project description:Adaptive immunity has been implicated in adipose tissue inflammation, obesity and its adverse metabolic consequences. No obesity-related autoantigen has yet been identified, although heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) has been implicated in other autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether feeding a high-fat diet to C57BL/6J mice would cause autoimmunity to HSP60 and whether immunomodulation with peptides from HSP60 would reverse the resulting obesity or metabolic dysfunction. Obese mice had higher circulating levels of HSP60 associated with increased T-lymphocyte proliferation responses and the emergence of circulating IgG1 and IgG2c antibody levels against HSP60. Treatment with escalating doses of a mixture of three proven immunomodulatory HSP60 peptides did not reduce weight but completely reversed the increase in VLDL/LDL levels and partially reversed the glucose intolerance in obese mice. Obese mice mount an autoimmune response to HSP60, which partly underlies the resulting metabolic disturbances.

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