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The M35 Metalloprotease Effector FocM35_1 Is Required for Full Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4.

ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) causes Fusarium wilt of banana, the most devastating disease on a banana plant. The genome of Foc TR4 encodes many candidate effector proteins. However, little is known about the functions of these effector proteins on their contributions to disease development and Foc TR4 virulence. Here, we discovered a secreted metalloprotease, FocM35_1, which is an essential virulence effector of Foc TR4. FocM35_1 was highly upregulated during the early stages of Foc TR4 infection progress in bananas. The FocM35_1 knockout mutant compromised the virulence of Foc TR4. FocM35_1 could interact with the banana chitinase MaChiA, and it decreased banana chitinase activity. FocM35_1 induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana while suppressing the INF1-induced hypersensitive response (HR), and its predicted enzymatic site was required for lesion formation and the suppression to INF1-induced HR on N. benthamiana leaves. Importantly, treatment of banana leaves with recombinant FocM35_1 accelerates Foc TR4 infection. Collectively, our study provides evidence that metalloprotease effector FocM35 seems to contribute to pathogen virulence by inhibiting the host immunity.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8226822 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundFusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world. This disease has caused heavy losses in major banana production areas. Except for molecular breeding methods based on plant defense mechanisms, effective methods to control the disease are still lacking. Dynamic changes in defense mechanisms between susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant banana and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc4) at the protein level remain unknown. This research reports the proteomic profile of three banana cultivars in response to Foc4 and transcriptional levels correlated with their sequences for the design of disease control strategies by molecular breeding.ResultsThirty-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified to function in cell metabolism. Most of these proteins were positively regulated after Foc4 inoculation. These differentially regulated proteins were found to have important functions in banana defense response. Functional categories implicated that these proteins were associated with pathogenesis-related (PR) response; isoflavonoid, flavonoid, and anthocyanin syntheses; cell wall strengthening; cell polarization; reactive oxygen species production and scavenging; jasmonic acid-, abscisic acid-, and auxin-mediated signaling conduction; molecular chaperones; energy; and primary metabolism. By comparing the protein profiles of resistant and susceptible banana cultivars, many proteins showed obvious distinction in their defense mechanism functions. PR proteins in susceptible 'Brazil' were mainly involved in defense. The proteins related to PR response, cell wall strengthening and antifungal compound synthesis in moderately resistant 'Nongke No.1' were mainly involved in defense. The proteins related to PR response, cell wall strengthening, and antifungal compound synthesis in highly resistant 'Yueyoukang I' were mainly involved in defense. 12 differentially regulated genes were selected to validate through quantitative real time PCR method. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of these selected genes corroborate with their respective protein abundance after pathogen infection.ConclusionsThis report is the first to use proteomic profiling to study the molecular mechanism of banana roots infected with Foc4. The differentially regulated proteins involved in different defense pathways are likely associated with different resistant levels of the three banana cultivars.

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The M35 Metalloprotease Effector FocM35_1 Is Required for Full Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4.

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