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Molecular Characterization of Chitin Synthase Gene in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and Its Response to Sublethal Concentrations of an Insecticide.

ABSTRACT: The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), is one of the most important acarine pest species. At present, its control remains primarily dependent on using various chemical insecticides/acaricides in agricultural crops worldwide. To clarify the mechanism whereby T. cinnabarinus responds to insecticide exposure, we identified the chitin synthase 1 gene (TcCHS1) and then explored the gene expression levels of TcCHS1 at different developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus. We also investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of diflubenzuron on the toxicities and survivals of T. cinnabarinus eggs and larvae as well as TcCHS1 expression levels. The full-length cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 4881 nucleotides that encoded for a 1474 amino acid residues protein. The predicted TcCHS1 protein had a molecular mass of 168.35 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.26, and its amino acid sequence contained all the signature motifs (EDR, QRRRW and TWGTR) of chitin synthases. The results of phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the putative CHS1 amino acid sequence of T. cinnabarinus revealed high similarities with chitin synthases in other insects and mites. Additionally, at the molecular level, transcriptional analysis by real-time quantitative PCR in different developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus revealed that TcCHS1 mRNA was expressed in all stages, and highest in eggs and female adults, but lowest in deutonymphs. Furthermore, the results of toxicity bioassays indicated that diflubenzuron treatment resulted in high mortality rates in eggs and larvae of T. cinnabarinus. The mRNA expression levels of TcCHS1 from the eggs and larvae of T. cinnabarinus were up-regulated in response to sublethal concentrations of diflubenzuron exposures. Together, all these results demonstrate that diflubenzuron has ovicidal and larvicidal effects and TcCHS1 may play an important role in the growth and development of T. cinnabarinus and may disrupt the chitin biosynthesis, thereby controlling T. cinnabarinus populations.

SUBMITTER: Xin T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8227100 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveTetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) is an agricultural mite pest threatens crops throughout the world, causing serious economic loses. Exploring the effects of acaricides on predatory mites is crucial for the combination of biological and chemical control of T. cinnabarinus. Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is one of the principal natural enemies of T. cinnabarinus, which can be applied in protected agriculture. In this study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of a new acaricide, SYP-9625 on two mite species, and the effects of the application concentration on predatory mite, N. californicus were assessed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SYP-9625 on life parameters and predation capacity of N. californicus based on the concentration-response bioassay of T. cinnabarinus to explor the application of the new acaricide with natural enemy N. californicus.MethodAll of the experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions [25 ± 1°C, 16: 8 h (L: D) and 75 ± 5% RH]. The sublethal concentrations LC10 (0.375?g/mL) and the LC30 (0.841?g/mL) against T. cinnabarinus and the application concentration (100?g/mL) against N. californicus were used to evaluate the effects of SYP-9625 on population parameters of N. californicus based on an age-stage, two-sex life table and its predation capacity by functional response.Resultcinnabarinus females treated with LC30 exhibited significantly reduced net reproductive rates (R0 = 11.02) in their offspring compared with females treated with LC10 (R0 = 14.96) and untreated females (R0 = 32.74). However, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (?) of N. californicus indicated that the application concentration of SYP-9625 had no significant negative effect on N. californicus eggs (rm = 0.277, ? = 1.319) compared to the control (rm = 0.292, ? = 1.338). Additionally, most population parameters of N. californicus showed a dose-dependent manner with the increase of the concentration of SYP-9625 against T. cinnabarinus. SYP-9625 also stimulated the control efficiency of N. californicus against immobile stages including eggs and larvae.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that sublethal concentrations of SYP-9625 can inhibit the population growth of T. cinnabarinus. In addition, the sublethal concentrations and the application concentration showed no effect on the population growth of N. californicus. These two advantages described above showed great commercial potential of this new acaricide based on population parameters of the two mite species and predation capacity of the predatory mite under laboratory conditions.

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Molecular Characterization of Chitin Synthase Gene in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and Its Response to Sublethal Concentrations of an Insecticide.

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