Associations between Diet Quality and Anthropometric Measures in White Postmenopausal Women.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Arikawa AY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8227767 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes that metabolize sex steroid hormones were associated with the blood levels of these hormones in postmenopausal women and if the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) could modify this association.MethodsBaseline data were collected from 932 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive history. Free, bioavailable, and total serum levels of reproductive hormones were measured through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. For genotyping of UGT1A1 (rs10928303), UGT1A4 (rs10929301, rs11673726), UGT1A6 (rs1105879, rs2070959, rs6759892), UGT1A8 (rs10167119), UGT2B7 (rs7439366), and SULT1A1 (rs9282861, rs1968752), mass spectrometry based on multiplex methods and TaqMan assays were performed. Adjusted linear models were fit to assess the associations between SNPs and blood hormones using age, body mass index (BMI), and MHT as covariates.ResultsThe mean age was 59.8 years, and the mean BMI was 25.1 kg/m². Past or recent use of MHT was reported by 41.2% of the participants. SNPs in SULT1A1 (rs1968752 and rs9282861) and UGT1A4 (rs11673726) genes were significantly associated with estrone levels, whereas SNPs in UGT1A6 (rs6759892) and UGT1A8 (rs10167119) genes were significantly associated with bioavailable estradiol levels.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that MHT use modified the association between SNPs and sex-steroid hormone levels; however, further studies are needed to establish the potential clinical significance of UGT1A4 (rs11673726), UGT1A6 (rs6759892), and UGT1A8 (rs10167119) SNPs and the modulation of hormone levels in postmenopausal women.
| S-EPMC8408318 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor - PPAR gamma-2 (Pro12Ala, C1431T) and beta 3-adrenergic receptor - ADRB3 (Trp64Arg) and dietary habits in a group of postmenopausal women who were not under hypolipidemic treatment.DesignGenetic, nutritional and anthropometric parameters were measured in 213 dyslipidemic (LDL ≥115 mg/dL) and 58 normolipidemic (LDL<115) postmenopausal women. The PCR-RFLP method were used to determine the distributions of selected alleles and genotype frequencies. Dietary intake of basic components and fatty acids was obtained from a 7-day weighed food record and the bio-impedance method was used to determine nutritional status.ResultsNearly 79% of analyzed women were in the first-time-diagnosed dyslipidemic state. The dyslipidemic subjects were characterized with higher intake of energy, fat, and saturated fatty acids (SFA). The analysis of the same polymorphisms showed association at the P value <0.05 with nutrients (fat, SFA, and polyunsaturated fatty acid - PUFA and saccharose) and elevated LDL level. Higher PUFA intake in a group of women with the protective Ala12/X polymorphism did not increase the risk of dyslipidemia even though they were characterized by visceral distribution of fat. The Arg64/X polymorphism and higher intake of energy, fat, and arachidic acid intake (C20:0) were associated with dyslipidemic state.ConclusionBoth nutritional and genetic factors are related to lipid profile. The identification of gene-diet associations is likely to provide useful information about the etiology of postmenopausal dyslipidemia and help in effective treatment.
| S-EPMC5662705 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo examine prospective associations between changes in physical activity (PA) and changes in physical performance measures (PPMs) over 6 years in older women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingForty clinical centers in the United States.ParticipantsWomen aged 65 and older (mean age 69.8) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials with gait speed, timed chair stand, grip strength, and self-reported recreational PA data assessed at baseline (1993-98) and follow-up Years 1, 3, and 6 (N = 5,092).MeasurementsMixed-effects linear regression models were used to determine the association between time-varying PA and change in each PPM. Potential interactions between time-varying PA and age (<70, ≥70) were also tested.ResultsSignifican, dose-response associations between PA and improvements in all PPMs were observed over the 6 years of follow-up after adjusting for important covariates. High PA groups (≥1,200 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/wk) had stronger grip strength (0.48 kg greater; P < .01), more chair stands (0.35 more; P < .001), and faster gait speeds (0.06 m/s faster; P < .001) than sedentary women (<100 MET-min/wk). Higher PA levels were associated with a greater increase in chair stands over time in women aged 70 and older (P < .001) than in those younger than 70 (Pinteraction for age = .01).ConclusionIn postmenopausal women, maintaining high PA levels over time is associated with better lower extremity function. These data support the view that regular PA plays an important role in maintaining functional status during aging in older women.
| S-EPMC5641229 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA priori diet scores such as the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the food-based a priori diet quality score predict chronic disease risk.ObjectiveWe compared the AHEI and a priori diet quality score relative to mortality.DesignPostmenopausal women who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study (in 1986, n = 29,634 with a mean 6 SD age of 61.4 6 4.2 y; in 2004, n = 15,076 with a mean 6 SD age of 79.7 6 4.0 y). A food-frequency questionnaire was used. Through 31 December 2008, 10,343 total, 3646 CVD, 3207 cancer, and 2888 inflammatory-related deaths were identified through record linkage. HRs were computed for quartiles of each diet score at baseline and 2004. To compare scores, the residual of each score given the other score was computed by using linear regression.ResultsAt baseline, indexes had a correlation of 0.65. For the AHEI, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for total, CVD, cancer, and inflammatory-related mortality were 0.82 (0.77, 0.87), 0.79 (0.72, 0.88), 0.88 (0.79, 0.98), and 0.76 (0.68, 0.84), respectively. The a priori score had corresponding HRs of 0.80 (0.76, 0.85), 0.79 (0.72, 0.88), 0.86 (0.77, 0.95), and 0.75 (0.67, 0.84), respectively. Each score added information to the other score for total, CVD mortality, and inflammatory-related mortality. In 2004, both scores predicted total, CVD, and inflammatory-related mortality, and the a priori score also predicted cancer mortality. The a priori score added independent information for all outcomes except cancer, whereas the AHEI added information only for total mortality.ConclusionTwo correlated diet quality scores predicted total and disease-specific mortality, but their residuals also predicted complementarily.
| S-EPMC3712553 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study was aimed at estimating the associations between coffee intake and osteoporosis (OP) in Chinese postmenopausal women.MethodsWe conducted a large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study to investigate the associations by using self-report questionnaire to access frequency of coffee intake. The total of 1817 participants was available to data analysis in this study. Multiple regression models controlling for confounding factors to include frequency of coffee intake variable were performed to investigate the relationships for OP.ResultsPositive correlations between frequency of meat food intake and T-score were reported (β = 0.216, P value < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the frequency of meat food intake was significantly associated with OP (P < 0.05 for model 1 and model 2). The postmenopausal women with high frequency of meat food intake had a lower prevalence of OP.ConclusionThe findings indicated that frequency of coffee intake was independently and significantly associated with OP. The prevalence of OP was more frequent in Chinese postmenopausal women not preferring coffee habits.
| S-EPMC4658988 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine how different definitions of meals and snacks can affect the associations of meal frequency (MF) and snack frequency (SF) with dietary intake and adiposity measures.DesignBased on 7 d weighed dietary record data, all eating occasions providing ≥210 kJ of energy were divided into meals or snacks based on contribution to energy intake (≥15 % or <15 %) or time (06.00-10.00, 12.00-15.00 and 18.00-21.00 hours; other). Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS).SettingGreat Britain.SubjectsBritish adults aged 19-64 years (n 1487).ResultsMF based on energy contribution was associated with higher intake of dietary fibre, lower intakes of non-milk extrinsic sugars and alcohol, and higher HDI (only men) and MDS. MF based on time was associated with higher HDI and MDS in women only. Conversely, irrespective of the definition of snacks, SF was associated with higher intakes of confectionery and alcohol, lower intakes of cereals, protein, fat and dietary fibre, and lower HDI (except for SF based on energy contribution in women) and MDS. After adjustment for potential confounders, MF based on time, but not MF based on energy contribution, was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference in men only. SF was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference, irrespective of the definition of snacks.ConclusionsHigher SF was consistently associated with lower diet quality and higher adiposity measures, while associations with MF varied depending on the definition of meals and sex.
| S-EPMC10277197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Although a number of studies showed a lower risk of hip fractures with high-quality diets, few of them were conducted in the United States. OBJECTIVE:This prospective analysis examined the association between several diet quality indexes and risk of hip fractures in US men and women. DESIGN:This is a prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING:The participants were 74,446 postmenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study and 36,602 men aged 50 years and older from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Hip fractures were self-reported on biennial questionnaires between 1980-2012 in women, and between 1986-2012 in men. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Diet was assessed every 4 years with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Relative risks were computed for hip fracture by quintiles of the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMed), the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:Two thousand one hundred forty-three incident hip fractures in women and 603 in men were reported during follow-up. A significant inverse trend was observed with the cumulative AHEI-2010 score in women (relative risk comparing extreme quintiles 0.87, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.00; P for trend=0.02). There was also a suggestion of an inverse association with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score (P for trend=0.03). In addition, significant inverse trends were observed between all three diet quality scores and hip fractures in women younger than age 75 years but not older women. There was no clear association between diet quality indexes and hip fracture in men. CONCLUSIONS:Higher AHEI-2010 scores were associated with a lower risk of hip fractures in US women. The inverse associations with diet quality may be more apparent among those younger than age 75 years.
| S-EPMC6070433 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExcess accumulation of visceral fat is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. While computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard to measure visceral adiposity, this is often not possible for large studies - thus valid, but less expensive and intrusive proxy measures of visceral fat are required such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Study aims were to a) identify a valid DXA-based measure of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), b) estimate VAT heritability and c) assess visceral fat association with morbidity in relation to body fat distribution.MethodsA validation sample of 54 females measured for detailed body fat composition - assessed using CT, DXA and anthropometry - was used to evaluate previously published predictive models of CT-measured visceral fat. Based upon a validated model, we realised an out-of-sample estimate of abdominal VAT area for a study sample of 3457 female volunteer twins and estimated VAT area heritability using a classical twin study design. Regression and residuals analyses were used to assess the relationship between adiposity and morbidity.ResultsPublished models applied to the validation sample explained >80% of the variance in CT-measured visceral fat. While CT visceral fat was best estimated using a linear regression for waist circumference, CT body cavity area and total abdominal fat (R2 = 0.91), anthropometric measures alone predicted VAT almost equally well (CT body cavity area and waist circumference, R2 = 0.86). Narrow sense VAT area heritability for the study sample was estimated to be 58% (95% CI: 51-66%) with a shared familial component of 24% (17-30%). VAT area is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension (HT), subclinical atherosclerosis and liver function tests. In particular, VAT area is associated with T2D, HT and liver function (alanine transaminase) independent of DXA total abdominal fat and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsDXA and anthropometric measures can be utilised to derive estimates of visceral fat as a reliable alternative to CT. Visceral fat is heritable and appears to mediate the association between body adiposity and morbidity. This observation is consistent with hypotheses that suggest excess visceral adiposity is causally related to cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
| S-EPMC3769144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of gestational hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Diet is a modifiable factor that may influence these conditions, but few studies have examined the association between diet quality and blood pressure and glucose profiles among pregnant women. Data are especially scarce for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of global pregnancies occur, and in urban settings. We, therefore, assessed these associations among 174 pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta in a cross-sectional study of the Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) project.MethodsTrained field-enumerators collected socio-demographic characteristics, measured Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and assessed diet by two 24-hour recalls, which were used to calculate the Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Blood pressure was measured by automated sphygmomanometer, and fasting blood glucose by capillary glucometer. General linear models were used to identify associations.ResultsThe median AHEI-P score was 47.4 (IQR 19.1-76.6). The middle tertile of the AHEI-P score (39.59-56.58) was associated with a 0.4 SD (standardized effect size, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.06; p = 0.02) lower diastolic blood pressure compared with the lowest tertile (<39.59), after adjustment for level of education, smoking status, MUAC, gestational age, history of hypertension, and family history of hypertension. However, no associations were found between the AHEI-P score and systolic blood pressure and blood glucose.ConclusionHigher diet quality was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure among pregnant women in an urban LMIC community, but not with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. A behavioral change intervention trial would be warranted to confirm the influence of diet quality on blood pressure and glucose levels and among pregnant women, and even before pregnancy.
| S-EPMC7688158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/objectiveMaternal paraben exposure and diet quality are both independently associated with birth outcomes, but whether these interact is unknown. We assessed sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes and differences by maternal diet quality.MethodsIllinois pregnant women (n = 458) provided five first-morning urines collected at 8-40 weeks gestation, which we pooled for quantification of ethylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben concentrations. We collected/measured gestational age at delivery, birth weight, body length, and head circumference within 24 h of birth, and calculated sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational-age z-scores and weight/length ratio. Women completed three-month food frequency questionnaires in early and mid-to-late pregnancy, which we used to calculate the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010. Linear regression models evaluated sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes, and differences in associations by average pregnancy AHEI-2010.ResultsIn this predominately non-Hispanic white, college-educated sample, maternal urinary paraben concentrations were only modestly inversely associated with head circumference and gestational length. However, methylparaben and propylparaben were inversely associated with birth weight, birth weight z-scores, body length, and weight/length ratio in female, but not male newborns. For example, each 2-fold increase in methylparaben concentrations was associated with -46.61 g (95% CI: -74.70, -18.51) lower birth weight, -0.09 (95% CI: -0.15, -0.03) lower birth weight z-scores, -0.21 cm (95% CI: -0.34, -0.07) shorter body length, and -0.64 g/cm (95% CI: -1.10, -0.19) smaller weight/length ratio in females. These inverse associations were more prominent in females of mothers with poorer diets (AHEI-2010 < median), but attenuated in those with healthier diets (AHEI-2010 ≥ median). In newborn males of mothers with healthier diets, moderate inverse associations emerged for propylparaben with gestational length and head circumference.ConclusionsMaternal diet may moderate associations of parabens with birth size in a sex-specific manner. Additional studies may consider understanding the inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms underlying these findings.
| S-EPMC10052883 | biostudies-literature