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Incorporation of Nonmetal Group Dopants into g-C₃N₄ Framework for Highly Improved Photocatalytic H₂ Production.

ABSTRACT: The incorporation of nonmetal group dopants into a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) framework is fabricated by adding a small amount of hexamethylenetetramine during the thermal polymerization process. The material shows an excellent visible-light photocatalytic H₂ production performance that is eight times higher than bulk g-C₃N₄. This outstanding performance is ascribed to the introducing of N-doped carbon, which not only enhances the light absorption and favorsa narrower band gap, but also upshifts the conductionband (CB) potential, resulting in a better reduction ability of electrons. This discovery has potential significancefor the designing of high performance, economic, and environmental friendly photocatalyst for solar energy conversion.

SUBMITTER: Xing W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8228239 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A highly porous architecture of graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4/Cu2O nanocomposite in the form of cubes with a side length of ≈ 1 μm, large pores of 1.5 nm, and a high surface area of 9.12 m2/g was realized by an optimized in situ synthesis protocol. The synthesis protocol involves dispersing a suitable "Cu" precursor into a highly exfoliated g-C3N4 suspension and initiating the reaction for the formation of Cu2O. Systematic optimization of the conditions and compositions resulted in a highly crystalline g-C3N4/Cu2O composite. In the absence of g-C3N4, the Cu2O particles assemble into cubes with a size of around 300 nm and are devoid of pores. Detailed structural and morphological evaluations by powder X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of highly exfoliated g-C3N4, which is responsible for the formation of the porous architecture in the cube like assembly of the composite. The micrographs clearly reveal the porous structure of the composite that retains the cubic shape of Cu2O, and the energy-dispersive spectroscopy supports the presence of g-C3N4 within the cubic morphology. Among the different g-C3N4/Cu2O compositions, CN/Cu-5 with 10% of g-C3N4, which is also the optimum composition resulting in a porous cubic morphology, shows the best visible light photocatalytic performance. This has been supported by the ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) studies of the composite which shows a band gap of around 2.05 eV. The improved photocatalytic performance of the composite could be attributed to the highly porous morphology along with the suitable optical band gap in the visible region of the solar spectrum. The optimized composite, CN/Cu-5, demonstrates a visible light degradation of 81% for Methylene Blue (MB) and 85.3% for Rhodamine-B (RhB) in 120 min. The decrease in the catalyst performance even after three repeated cycles is less than 5% for both MB and RhB dyes. The rate constant for MB and RhB degradation is six and eight times higher with CN/Cu-5 when compared with the pure Cu2O catalyst. To validate our claim that the dye degradation is not merely decolorization, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy studies were carried out, and the end products of the degraded dyes were identified.

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Incorporation of Nonmetal Group Dopants into g-C3N4 Framework for Highly Improved Photocatalytic H2 Production.

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Incorporation of Nonmetal Group Dopants into g-C₃N₄ Framework for Highly Improved Photocatalytic H₂ Production.