Alcohol Use as a Function of Physical Activity and Golfing Motives in a National Sample of United States Golfers.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Courtney J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8229716 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Compared to civilians, little is known about cannabis use among Veterans in the general United States (US) population. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of recent medical and non-medical cannabis use among this important US sub-population. METHOD:Data came from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted that were weighted to account for the complex survey design. RESULTS:Approximately 9% of Veterans in the US reported past year cannabis use. Older, and female, Veterans had lower odds of past year cannabis use. Veterans who were unmarried, out of the work force, had greater functioning disability, nicotine dependence, heavy episodic alcohol use, alcohol use disorder, and drug use had greater odds of past year cannabis use. In states where medical cannabis was legal in 2014, approximately 41% of Veterans who used cannabis in the past year used medically. Those who used medically were older and less likely to engage in recent heavy episodic drinking or to meet criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence, compared to Veterans using non-medically. CONCLUSION:Compared to non-Veterans in the US general population, recent cannabis use was similar or slightly lower among Veterans. However, among those with past year use, the proportion of those using medically was more than double that of the general population. Because only non-medical cannabis use was associated with higher rates of heavy episodic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder, it may be important to address problematic alcohol consumption among this high-risk group.
| S-EPMC5614859 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The policy landscape regarding the legal status of cannabis (CAN) in the US and globally is changing rapidly. Research on CAN has lagged behind in many areas, none more so than in understanding how individuals suffering from the broad range of cannabis-related problems resolve those problems, and how their characteristics and problem resolution pathways are similar to or different from alcohol [ALC] or other drugs [OTH]. Greater knowledge could inform national policy debates as well as the nature and scope of any additional needed services as CAN population exposure increases. METHOD:National, probability-based, cross-sectional sample of the US non-institutionalized adult population was conducted July-August 2016. Sample consisted of those who responded "yes" to the screening question, "Did you used to have a problem with alcohol or drugs but no longer do?" (63.4% response rate from 39,809 screened adults). Final weighted sample (N?=?2002) was mostly male (60.0% [1.53%]), aged 25-49 (45.2% [1.63%]), non-Hispanic White (61.4% [1.64%]), employed (47.7% [1.61%]). Analyses compared CAN to ALC and OTH on demographic, clinical, treatment and recovery support services utilization, and quality of life (QOL) indices. RESULTS:9.1% of the US adult population reported resolving a significant substance problem, and of these, 10.97% were CAN. Compared to ALC (M?=?49.79) or OTH (M?=?43.80), CAN were significantly younger (M?=?39.41, p?<?0.01), had the earliest onset of regular use (CAN M?=?16.89, ALC M?=?19.02, OTH M?=?23.29, p?<?0.01), and resolved their problem significantly earlier (CAN M?=?28.87, ALC M?=?37.86, OTH M?=?33.06, p?<?0.01). Compared to both ALC and OTH, CAN were significantly less likely to report use of inpatient treatment and used substantially less outpatient treatment, overall (p?<?0.01), although CAN resolving problems more recently were more likely to have used outpatient treatment (p?<?0.01). Lifetime attendance at mutual-help meetings (e.g., AA) was similar, but CAN (M?=?1.67) had substantially lower recent attendance compared to ALC (M?=?7.70) and OTH (M?=?7.65). QOL indices were similar across groups. CONCLUSION:Approximately 2.4 million Americans have resolved a significant cannabis problem. Compared to ALC and OTH, the pattern of findings for CAN suggest similarities but also some notable differences in characteristics and problem resolution pathways particularly regarding earlier problem offset and less use of formal and informal services. Within a shifting policy landscape, research is needed to understand how increases in population exposure and potency may affect the nature and magnitude of differences observed in this preliminary study.
| S-EPMC5992615 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFemales who misuse alcohol experience high rates of negative physical and mental health consequences. Existing findings are inconsistent but suggest a relationship between ovarian hormones and alcohol use. We aim to clarify how alcohol use and drinking motives vary across the menstrual cycle in female psychiatric outpatients using the luteinizing hormone (LH)-confirmed cycle phase.MethodsDaily self-reports (n = 3721) were collected from 94 naturally cycling females, recruited for past-month suicidal ideation, during the baseline phase of three parent clinical trials between February 2017 and May 2022. Multilevel logistic and linear models estimated the relationship between the cycle phase (with LH-surge confirmed ovulation) and daily alcohol use or drinking motives, moderated by the weekend. Models were adjusted for age, legal drinking status, substance use disorder, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and included random effects.ResultsParticipants were generally more likely to drink in the midluteal (vs. perimenstrual) phase, but more likely to drink heavily on weekends in periovulatory and perimenstrual (vs. midluteal) phases. Social motives for drinking were significantly higher on weekends in the periovulatory, mid-follicular, and midluteal phases (vs. weekdays), but this finding was non-significant in the perimenstrual phase. Participants rated drinking to cope higher in the perimenstrual phase (vs. midluteal phase), regardless of the weekend.ConclusionIn a psychiatric sample with LH-surge-confirmed ovulation, we find an increased likelihood to drink heavily in periovulatory and perimenstrual phases on weekends. We also find that the perimenstrual phase is associated with increased drinking to cope, and relatively lower weekend social drinking. Finally, random effects across models suggest individual differences in the extent to which the cycle influences drinking. Our findings stress (1) predictable phases of increased high-risk alcohol use across the menstrual cycle, and (2) the importance of individual assessment of cyclical changes in alcohol use to predict and prevent ovulation- and menses-related surges in heavy drinking.
| S-EPMC9975029 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:While the overall smoking quit rate has increased over time, it is not known whether the quit rate has also increased among persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) or heavy alcohol use (HAU). The current study examined quit rates among adults with and without AUDs and HAU over a 12-year period in a representative sample of US adults. METHODS:Data were drawn from the National Household Survey on Drug Use, an annual cross-sectional study of US persons. Quit rate (i.e., the rate of former smokers to ever smokers) was calculated annually from 2002 to 2014 (for HAU) and 2015 (for AUD). Time trends in quit rates by AUD/HAU status were tested using linear regression. RESULTS:The prevalence of past-month cigarette smoking was much higher for persons with, compared to without, AUDs (38% vs. 18%) and HAU (49% vs. 19%). In the most recent data year, the quit rate for persons with AUDs was approximately half that of persons without AUDs (26% versus 49%) and for persons with HAU was less than half that of persons without HAU (22% versus 48%). Over time, the smoking quit rate increased for persons with and without AUDs/HAU and the rate of increase was greater for persons with AUDs/HAU. Yet, quit rates for persons with AUDs and HAU remained much lower than persons without AUDs and HAU. CONCLUSIONS:It may be beneficial for public health and clinical efforts to incorporate screenings and treatment for tobacco use into programs for adults with AUDs and HAU.
| S-EPMC5693304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The United States lacks surveillance to monitor park use and conditions. The purpose of this study was to use the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) as a surveillance tool to describe the conditions, user characteristics, and physical activity of a national sample of neighborhood parks at two time points. Using a stratified multistage sampling strategy, a representative sample of 174 neighborhood parks in 25 major United States' cities were selected. During 2014 and 2016, park-related use, conditions, and physical activity were assessed using SOPARC in 169 parks. Overall, 74,106 park users were observed at baseline and 69,150 park users were observed two years later (p = 0.37). There were persistent disparities in park use by gender and age, with disproportionately more male than female users in each age group (child, teenager, adult, older adult). Older adults used the park less than other age groups. Almost two-thirds of park users were observed being sedentary (61.9% in 2014, 60.7% in 2016), followed by moderate (30.8%, 32.0%) and vigorous (7.3%, 7.3%) activity. Empty target areas increased over two years (75.3%, 77.6%; p = 0.01) and those that were equipped (2.6%, 1.2%; p = 0.0003), accessible (95.4%, 94.3%; p = 0.01), and organized (2.6%, 1.7%; p = 0.01) decreased. Areas that were usable (97.5%, 97.4%) or provided supervised activities (2.0%, 2.4%) did not change significantly. The findings demonstrate the value of SOPARC as a surveillance tool, identify user groups under represented at parks, and suggest an opportunity to encourage more park-based physical activity among park visitors.
| S-EPMC6534437 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Alcohol use disorders (AUD) have long been considered to be some of the most disabling mental disorders; however, empirical data on the burden of disease associated with AUD have been sparse. The objective of this article is to quantify the burden of disease (in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] lost), deaths, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), and years of life lost due to disability (YLD) associated with AUD for the United States in 2005. METHODS:Statistical modeling was based on epidemiological indicators derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Formal consistency analyses were applied. Risk relations were taken from recent meta-analyses and the disability weights from the burden of disease study of the National Institutes of Health. Monte Carlo simulations were used to derive confidence intervals. All analyses were performed by sex and age. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken on key indicators. RESULTS:In the United States in 2005, 65,000 deaths, 1,152,000 YLL, 2,443,000 YLD, and 3,595,000 DALYs were associated with AUD. For individuals 18 years of age and older, AUD were associated with 3% of all deaths (5% for men and 1% for women), and 5% of all YLL (7% for men and 2% for women). The majority of the burden of disease associated with AUD stemmed from YLD, which accounted for 68% of DALYs associated with AUD (66% for men and 74% for women). The youngest age group had the largest proportion of DALYs associated with AUD stemming from YLD. CONCLUSIONS:Using data from a large representative survey (checked for consistency) and by combining these data with the best available evidence, we found that AUD were associated with a larger burden of disease than previously estimated. To reduce this disease burden, implementation of prevention interventions and expansion of treatment are necessary.
| S-EPMC4147870 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The majority of young adults who use alcohol and marijuana sometimes use the two substances simultaneously. Understanding why young adults engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use may inform interventions and help offset negative consequences. To date, research has not yet examined motives for SAM use. The current study tested a 26-item measure of motives for SAM use in a community sample of young adults to identify the factor structure and to evaluate associations of subscales of SAM motives with alcohol and marijuana motives and substance use. Young adults from the Seattle metropolitan area (N=286; 58% female, 67% White/Caucasian) were asked about their motives for using alcohol, marijuana, and SAM as well as their use of alcohol and marijuana and related consequences in the past month. Exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation identified four factors to characterize motives for SAM use: (1) conformity (8 items, ?=0.87, e.g., "to fit in with a group I like," "pressure from others"), (2) positive effects (6 items, ?=0.88, e.g., "cross-faded effects are better," "to get a better high") (3) calm/coping (3 items, ?=0.77, e.g., "to calm me down," "to cope with anxiety"), and (4) social (5 items, ?=0.78, e.g., "because it is customary on special occasions," "as a way to celebrate"). Results revealed that alcohol, marijuana, and SAM motives were moderately correlated. Even after controlling for alcohol or marijuana motives, SAM motives were associated with SAM use and marijuana use/consequences (but not alcohol use/consequences).
| S-EPMC5614866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionParalytic ileus is a common clinical condition leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Most studies to date have focused on postoperative ileus, a common but not exclusive cause of the condition. There are limited epidemiological data regarding the incidence and impact of paralytic ileus and its relationship to other clinical conditions. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed national inpatient hospitalization trends, demographic variation, cost of care, length of stay, and mortality for paralytic ileus hospitalizations as a whole.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify all hospitalizations with the diagnosis of paralytic ileus (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 560.1) as primary or secondary diagnosis during the period from 2001 to 2011. Statistical analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage trend test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Poisson regression.ResultsIn 2001, there were 362,561 hospitalizations with the diagnosis of paralytic ileus as compared to 470,110 in 2011 (p < 0.0001). The age group 65-79 years was most commonly affected by paralytic ileus throughout the study period. In-hospital all-cause mortality decreased from 6.03% in 2001 to 5.10% in 2011 (p < 0.0001). However, the average cost of care per hospitalization increased from US$19,739 in 2001 to US$26,198 in 2011 (adjusted for inflation, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThere was a significant rise in the number of hospitalizations of paralytic ileus with increased cost of care and reduced all-cause mortality.
| S-EPMC7545785 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Limited current information on the epidemiology of lifetime alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the United States is available.To present detailed information about the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime alcohol and cannabis use disorders rates in the United States. To examine gender differences in hazard ratios for the onset of alcohol and cannabis dependence.Participants in Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=15,500, age range: 24-32) were interviewed between 2008 and 2009. Participants who exceeded screening thresholds were queried about lifetime DSM-IV alcohol and marijuana abuse and dependence symptoms. Age of substance dependence onset was queried.Lifetime rates of alcohol abuse and dependence were 11.8 and 13.2%. Lifetime rates of cannabis abuse and dependence were 3.9 and 8.3%. Lifetime alcohol and cannabis dependence onset peaks were 23 and 20. Correlates of lifetime alcohol abuse included being male (OR 1.4), African-American (OR 0.7), income in the 2nd or 3rd quartile (OR 0.7 and 0.6). Correlates of lifetime alcohol dependence were: being male (OR 1.8), African-American (OR 0.5), and never being married (OR 1.5), and regions outside of the west (Midwest OR 0.7, South OR 0.6, Northeast OR 0.6). Correlates of cannabis abuse and dependence were being male (OR 1.8 and 1.4).Lifetime alcohol and cannabis use disorders are highly prevalent in the US population. Men are at higher risk for alcohol and cannabis use disorders. Alcohol use disorders demonstrated specific sociodemographic correlates while marijuana use disorders did not.
| S-EPMC3963405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RATIONALE:Veterans, especially those using U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare, have poorer health than the general population. In addition, Veterans using VA services are more likely than non-VA users to be physically inactive. Little is known about physical activity correlates among Veterans. To identify targets for health promotion interventions, understanding barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in this population is critical. METHODS:This study examined individual-, social-, and perceived neighborhood-level associations of meeting weekly physical activity recommendations (150 min/week of combined leisure and transportation activity) based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) among N = 717 patients from VA Puget Sound, Seattle Division using a mailed survey sent 2012-2013 (response rate = 40%). Independent associations were identified with direct estimation of relative risks using generalized linear models (dichotomous outcome), and linear regression (continuous outcome), including variables associated in bivariate tests (p < .05). RESULTS:Most participants were male, Caucasian, and unemployed, and had an annual income ?$40,000. Over two-thirds (69.9%) reported meeting physical activity recommendations. Fewer days of limitations due to physical or mental health (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.99 per day; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.98, 0.99; p = .01), others doing physical activity with the Veteran (RR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.33; p = .01), receiving ideas from others regarding physical activity (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.29; p = .03) and better perceived neighborhood aesthetics (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.24; p = .001) were associated with meeting physical activity recommendations. Findings were comparable for total weekly physical activity, but lower depression symptom severity was also associated with increased physical activity. CONCLUSION:This study identified individual and contextual correlates of physical activity among VA-using Veterans. Targeting these factors will be important in promoting physical activity in order to address the disproportionate disease burden facing U.S. Veterans. Existing VA interventions targeting physical activity may need to be adapted to account for the influence of contextual factors.
| S-EPMC6918692 | biostudies-literature